Pappenheim-Cardos staining

Pappenheim-Cardos stain: History, applications and clinical significance

Pappenheim-Kárdos staining is a method of blood staining that was developed by the German physician Alexander Pappenheim (1870-1917) and the Hungarian physician Ernst Kárdos (Ekebacs, 1895 - Budapest, 1956). This method of blood staining has become widespread and has had a significant impact on clinical practice and research in hematology.

Pappenheim-Cardos staining is based on the use of specific dyes that allow the visualization of various cellular components of the blood. It is widely used to diagnose and classify various blood diseases such as leukemia and anemia.

The use of Pappenheim-Cardos staining allows the identification and evaluation of different types of hematopoietic cells. This method makes it possible to isolate erythrocytes, platelets, leukocytes and their subpopulations. In addition, staining can detect abnormalities in the structure and shape of cells, such as abnormal nuclei, inclusions and other changes.

In addition to its diagnostic value, Pappenheim-Cardos staining also has prognostic value in assessing the course and prognosis of diseases. It can help determine the maturity of cells and their functional state, which can predict the effectiveness of certain treatments.

Pappenheim-Cardos staining is performed using special reagents that stain different cellular structures in different colors. Typically a combination of different dyes is used, such as May-Grunwald and hematoxylin. This staining method is quite simple to perform and can be performed in a laboratory setting using standard equipment.

In conclusion, Pappenheim-Cardos staining is an important technique in hematology that provides information about the condition and structure of blood cells. Its use helps in the diagnosis and classification of various blood diseases, as well as in assessing the prognosis and choosing the optimal treatment. Pappenheim-Cardos staining continues to be a valuable tool for the study and understanding of hematological disorders and their pathological mechanisms.

Pappenheim-Kardas coloring: history of origin and application in medicine

Pappenham-Cardos staining is one of the most common methods for determining hemoglobin content in the blood. It was first described by two German doctors - Adolf Pappenheim (A. Pappenheim) and Egor Kard (E. Kardos).

The main component of hemoglobin is iron, which is found in food. Normally, hemoglobin contains 97% iron. When the amount of iron falls below normal, it can leave hemoglobin and become free. This situation is called deferazine. Deferazine can be detected using the Pappenhamn-Card staining method, which allows the concentration of hemoglobin to be determined. If the hemogloin concentration is high, no deferasin will be detected and the stain will be negative.

The main components of the test are nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide and ferric chloride. The chelate groups in hemoglobin react with nitric acid, which then forms colored products. These products are colored blue with a metallic sheen, indicating a positive test result. If the result is negative, then the red blood cells dissolve completely, and the oxidation products remain in solution, while most other blood components remain colorless.

When working with color, interpretation can be a complex process because red blood cells can have different shades. Some red blood cells will be darker in color than others, so it's a good idea to have a template handy for comparison. In addition, staining results may depend on the hemoglobin concentration, since a high concentration may lead to faster oxidation.