Parathyroid glands

The parathyroid glands (or parathyroid glands) are two paired glands located on the back surface of the thyroid gland at the base of the skull. They are part of the endocrine system and are involved in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body.

The parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is one of the main regulators of calcium metabolism. PTH stimulates the absorption of calcium from the bones and its release into the blood, and also increases the level of phosphorus in the blood.

In addition, the parathyroid glands also produce calcitonin, which is a PTH antagonist and promotes calcium retention in bones.

Malfunction of the parathyroid glands can lead to various diseases, such as hypoparathyroidism (lack of PTH) and hyperparathyroidism (excess PTH). Symptoms of these diseases may include osteoporosis, bone pain, muscle weakness, seizures and other health problems.

Blood tests for PTH and calcium levels are used to diagnose parathyroid gland disorders. Treatment may include hormone replacement therapy or surgical removal of the parathyroid glands.

In general, the parathyroid glands play an important role in maintaining normal calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body, so their work must be carefully monitored.

The parathyroid glands are paired glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. They produce parathyroid hormone, which regulates the level of calcium and phosphorus in the body.

The parathyroid glands are part of the endocrine system, which controls many processes in the body, including metabolism, bone growth and development, and blood pressure regulation.

One of the main functions of the parathyroid glands is to regulate calcium levels in the blood. Parathyroid hormone stimulates the absorption of calcium from the intestine and its resorption from bone tissue, which leads to an increase in calcium levels in the blood.

In addition, the parathyroid glands regulate the level of phosphorus in the blood, which also plays an important role in metabolism. Parathyroid hormone reduces the level of phosphorus in the blood by stimulating its excretion from the body in the urine.

Dysfunction of the parathyroid glands can lead to various diseases, such as hypoparathyroidism (decreased parathyroid hormone levels) and hyperparathyroidism (increased parathyroid hormone levels). These diseases can lead to serious health consequences such as osteoporosis, kidney stones and other diseases.

However, despite their importance, the parathyroid glands do not always function correctly. Certain factors can affect their functioning, such as a lack of vitamin D or too much vitamin A. Therefore, it is important to monitor your health and consult a doctor if you experience symptoms related to the functioning of the parathyroid glands.