Parenteral

Parenteral route of administration is a method in which drugs are introduced into the bloodstream bypassing the gastrointestinal tract.
Parenteral methods of drug administration
Currently, the following parenteral methods are widely used:

1. Intravenous (IV) - to quickly create a high concentration of a drug in the blood by introducing it into a vein.
2. Subcutaneous (s/c) - injection under the skin in order to create a constant concentration of the substance in the blood.
3. Intradermal (i.c.) - to determine the sensitivity of the skin to drugs.
4. Intra-arterial (i.a.) - inserted into an artery. It is used when introducing substances into the body that cannot be absorbed through mucous membranes and do not have an irritating effect.
5. Suprapubic - insertion into the bladder.
6. Rectal - administration of medicinal substances into the rectum.

Parenteral methods of drug administration.

Parenteral methods (from the Latin parenter - outside the oral cavity) are the introduction of drugs into the body bypassing the gastrointestinal tract.

The term "parenteral" is used when referring to the introduction of drugs or other substances into the body by injection.

Parenteral methods include:

1. Intravenous methods of administering drugs.
2. Subcutaneous injections.
3. Intradural blocks.
4. Enteral routes of drug administration.
5. Inhalations.
6. Rectal methods.
7. Plaster methods.
8. Intracapsular methods.
9. Intravesical methods.
10. Intraosseous methods.
11. Transdermal methods.

Advantages and disadvantages of parenteral methods of drug administration:

1. Advantages:
2. rapid onset of action of the drug;
3. no effect on digestive processes;
4. possibility of administering large doses of the drug;

- Flaws:
– inability to take the drug orally;
– risk of side effects;
– the need to use special equipment for injections.

Parenteral routes of drug delivery to the body are not only a faster and more effective way of administering drugs in the form of liquid (for example, blood, plasma) or air (for example, oxygen, carbon dioxide), but also a significant advantage in creating the desired concentration of the drug in the blood and tissues (especially in renal failure). Therefore, parenteral administration of drugs is an integral part of modern medicine.

There are several ways of accessing the body during parenteral administration of drugs. The most commonly used route is intravenous, in which drugs are injected directly into the blood. This is achieved using specially prepared solutions that are injected into the subcutaneous or intramuscular muscles. Another way to enter the body is through the intradermal route, where drugs penetrate between the skin and the epidermis. This route is used for therapeutic tests and for measuring blood pressure. Another method is intravenous perineal. It involves injecting the drug into the vein between the labia. The following should list the methods associated with the stomach: intragastric, gastrointestinal, intravesical, emetic. The last method is used for suction