Peptic Ulcer

Peptic ulcer (Peptic Ulcer) is a common disease of the digestive system, which is characterized by damage to the mucous membrane of the digestive tract. This disease can occur in different parts of the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, duodenum and jejunum.

Peptic ulcers usually develop due to the action of pepsin and hydrochloric acid on the mucous membrane of the digestive tract. This occurs when the concentration of pepsin and acid in the body is too high. In addition, ulcers can form when the defense mechanisms of the lining of the digestive tract do not work properly. Bile salts can also contribute to the development of stomach ulcers.

Peptic ulcers can present with a variety of symptoms, including abdominal pain, belching, nausea, vomiting, morning sickness, heartburn, anorexia, weight loss, and bleeding from the digestive system. Depending on the location of the ulcer, symptoms may vary.

An esophageal ulcer is usually accompanied by reflux esophagitis, which is characterized by inflammation of the esophagus caused by the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus. Symptoms include pain and burning in the chest, especially after eating and when lying down.

Stomach ulcers may present with pain in the upper abdomen, which may be worse after eating or at night. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, eating disorders and weight loss.

A duodenal ulcer causes pain in the upper abdomen, which may get worse after eating or at night. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, eating disorders and weight loss.

A jejunal ulcer is typically one of the manifestations of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, which is characterized by excess production of gastrin, which stimulates stomach acid. Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

Peptic anastomotic ulcer, anastomotic ulcer, and marginal ulcer may present with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and bleeding from the digestive system.

To diagnose a peptic ulcer, various tests are performed, including endoscopy, which allows you to visualize the ulcer and take a biopsy for further analysis. A barium fluoroscopy may also be done, which can also help detect the ulcer.

Treatment for peptic ulcers may include the use of antisecretory drugs, such as proton pump inhibitors and histamine H2 receptor antagonists, which reduce stomach acid levels and promote ulcer healing. Antibiotics may also be used to treat Helicobacter pylori infection, which may contribute to the development of peptic ulcers.

In severe cases, when the ulcer is accompanied by bleeding or perforation, surgical treatment may be required.

A peptic ulcer is a serious disease of the digestive system and can lead to various complications, including bleeding, perforation, and stenosis (narrowing) of the esophagus. Therefore, it is important to promptly seek medical help when symptoms appear in order to prevent the development of complications and provide effective treatment.

**Peptic Ulcers** are damage to the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum caused by the destruction of their wall by body enzymes. These ulcers can occur when pepsin or hydrochloric acid is produced in excess, or when natural defense mechanisms fail to cope with the damaging effects of these factors. Biliary

A peptic ulcer is an acute or chronic damage to the wall of the stomach or duodenum, which disrupts its integrity and reduces the level of protective epithelium. This happens due to the aggressive effects of intestinal acid, namely the destruction of pepsinogen, which is produced in the pancreas. This is typical for people with gastroesophageal reflux, as well as women in pregnancy, with gastric and duodenal ulcers.

Disturbances in the normal circulation of bile, pancreatic function, and