Fracture Pathological

Pathological fracture: when weakened bones break

Fractures are serious complications that can result from a variety of traumatic events. However, there is a special type of fracture known as a pathological fracture, which is different from ordinary fractures. In this article we will look at pathological fractures, their causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.

A pathological fracture, or pathological fracture, occurs as a result of weakening of bones due to diseases or conditions that affect their strength and structure. Bones that are subject to pathological changes become fragile and more susceptible to damage. Even minor trauma or stress can cause a fracture in such conditions.

The causes of pathological fractures can be varied. One of the most common causes is osteoporosis, a disease in which bone density decreases and bones become more fragile. Other possible causes include bone cancer (primary or metastatic), bone infections, osteomalacia, and genetic disorders that affect bone tissue.

Symptoms of a pathological fracture can vary depending on the location and nature of the fracture. Common symptoms may include pain, swelling, loss of function, and deformity of the affected area. Often, a pathological fracture can occur without obvious traumatic events or with minimal traumatic exposure.

Diagnosis of a pathological fracture includes various examination methods. X-rays can show the presence of a fracture and its characteristics, but in some cases a more detailed test such as a computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or bone scintigraphy may be needed to determine the cause of the weakening bones.

Treatment of a pathological fracture directly depends on the cause of the weakening of the bones. In some cases, when a fracture is a consequence of osteoporosis or a tumor, complex treatment of the underlying disease is required. This may include taking medications to strengthen bones, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or surgery. For bone infections, antibiotics and surgical cleaning of the affected area may be required.

In conclusion, a pathological fracture is a serious complication that occurs when bones weaken due to various diseases and conditions. It differs from ordinary fractures in that it can occur even with minimal traumatic effects. Diagnosis of a pathological fracture involves various examination methods, and treatment depends on the cause of bone weakening and may include complex treatment of the underlying disease. Knowledge of pathological fractures is important for timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment to prevent further damage and improve the quality of life of patients.