Пиноцитоз (Pinocytosis)

Pinocytosis is the process of absorption of tiny droplets of liquid by a cell, which is carried out by endothelial cells, most leukocytes and some cells of the liver and kidneys. This process is important for maintaining homeostasis in the body, as it allows cells to receive essential nutrients and remove waste products.

Pinocytosis occurs through a special apparatus on the cell surface called pinosomes. These pinosomes are shaped like vesicles and contain many proteins that allow them to capture and absorb liquids. When pinosomes come into contact with the cell surface, they begin to increase in size, absorbing liquid.

The process of pinocytosis differs from phagocytosis, which is also associated with the absorption of small particles by the cell. Phagocytosis is a more complex process that involves the formation of phagosomes and intracellular digestion of ingested particles.

In general, pinocytosis plays an important role in maintaining body homeostasis and is one of the key processes in cell biology.

Pinocytosis: Absorption of Tiny Droplets of Liquid

Pinocytosis is the process of a cell absorbing tiny droplets of liquid. This active transport mechanism is an important function of various cells in the body, including endothelial cells, most white blood cells, and some liver and kidney cells.

During pinocytosis, the cell forms small swellings on its membrane called pinocytotic vacuoles or pinocytes. These vacuoles contract and separate from the cell membrane, creating an internal space filled with extracellular fluid or other solutes. The pinocytes then move within the cell where the contents of the vacuole can be processed and used.

Pinocytosis is a non-classical endocytosis mechanism that is distinct from phagocytosis. Unlike phagocytosis, where the cell ingests large particles such as bacteria or dead cells, pinocytosis refers to the ingestion of tiny droplets of liquid or dissolved molecules.

The process of pinocytosis is regulated by multiple molecular mechanisms. A key role is played by clathrins - proteins that form a membrane around pinocytic vacuoles and participate in their formation. In addition, a number of other proteins, including actin and dynamin, are also involved in the regulation of pinocytosis.

Pinocytosis has several important functions in the body. First, it allows cells to absorb and metabolize solutes from the environment. This allows cells to receive the necessary nutrients, hormones, enzymes and other molecules to maintain their vital functions.

Secondly, pinocytosis is involved in the process of cellular plasma regulation and renewal of cellular components. By absorbing extracellular fluid, the cell also removes excess or damaged molecules, including proteins and lipids, that may accumulate inside the cell.

In addition, pinocytosis plays an important role in the body's immune system. White blood cells such as macrophages and neutrophils use pinocytosis to capture and destroy microorganisms, viruses, and other pathogenic particles.

However, although pinocytosis is an important mechanism of cellular activity, excessive or improper functioning of this process can have pathological consequences. For example, uncontrolled pinocytosis can lead to fluid accumulation in tissues, which can contribute to the development of edema.

In conclusion, pinocytosis is an important mechanism for the uptake of tiny droplets of liquid into cells. It plays a role in cell nutrition, cell plasma regulation, and is involved in the immune response. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating pinocytosis may be important for the development of new treatments and prevention of various pathological conditions associated with this process.

Pinocytosis The absorption of tiny droplets of liquid by a cell. Pinocytosis is also commonly referred to as a system for transporting small molecules and high molecular weight substances from the extracellular environment into the internal environment of vertebrate cells through biological membranes by endocytosis. This term is often used to combine endocytosis, which contains two main groups of processes: - endocytol