Natural Hearth Subsidiary

A natural focus is an area in which an infectious disease of humans and animals spreads based on the vectors of the infectious agent - the mechanisms of movement of the pathogen from the source to the susceptible organism, primarily hematophagous arthropods. Such mechanisms include animals, mosquitoes, flies, etc.

In humans, a natural focus can only manifest itself in the presence of a certain epidemiological condition (season of development of focal diseases, transport of blood-sucking pests). The size of the focus of infection is determined by the amount of the pathogen or the degree of its activity per unit of time in a given area. Why is the pathogen more active in a certain area - higher and higher

***Natural focus daughter - (syn.: p.o._** secondary, p.o. irradiation)***

***Natural focus daughter - (syn.: p.o. secondary, p.o. irradiation)***

A natural **subsidiary focus** is a local **natural** focus that is identified after the elimination of the main focus of an infectious disease. The primary focus is characterized by the stability of the pathogen in the external environment. The cause of secondary outbreaks may be favorable conditions for the life of the pathogen: closed space in the room, violation of hygiene rules, etc.

*Classification:* - ** 1**) **according to the transmission mechanism** (pathogen dispersion mechanisms): **1)** mechanical; **2)** natural - characterized by the dispersion of the pathogen by moving through a space that has not undergone changes; **3**) artificial - such a focus is formed as a result of the targeted movement of the pathogen by a person; **4)** internal; **5)** secretory; **6)** artificial - the occurrence of an outbreak due to a violation of the disinfection regime; *7*) excretory **2**) according to the nature of the course of the disease: primary include single, immediate outbreaks; ** Secondary** include such group outbreaks that arise as a result of the transformation of primary ones, i.e. having experience; This concept is due to the following reasons: * firstly, in some cases the incubation period may be so short that the doctor manages to suspect the onset of an epidemic outbreak before signs of its second phase are detected. Thus, the incubation period of pseudotuberculosis can end 2 hours after the occurrence of a general reaction to the entry of a specific antigen into the human body; * secondly, since the focus does not form immediately, it should be expected that a certain time will be necessary for its attenuation; * thirdly, the elimination of the primary outbreak must be carried out simultaneously with the sterilization of all sources of infection in the outbreak, since it is impossible to avoid their repeated contact.

• **Mechanism of occurrence.** Secondary infectious diseases occur when the incubation period of the infectious disease has already completely completed. That is, the primary focus is eliminated, but secondary lesions are not yet created. • In this case, there is no contact with the healthy population, the external spheres of the focal structure are disrupted, only the internal circulation of the pathogen is active. After the interruption of the unity of the primary focus and the subsequent circulation of the pathogenic agent, only the ongoing relationships between microorganisms and a certain number of individuals susceptible to these diseases are preserved. The infectious process is resolved by the emergence of a number of new epidemic cases, which are repeated over a long period of time and do not depend on the number of individual patients. At the moment of registration of such a lesion of the first discovered order, they speak of a simultaneous

Natural focal point: understanding and consequences

In a world where human impacts on the environment are becoming increasingly noticeable, it is important to study and understand the natural phenomena that can impact our health and the environment. One such phenomenon is a natural daughter focus, also known as a secondary focus or irradiation focus.

Natural hotspots arise from the radioactive decay of sources of radioactive substances, such as uranium, thorium and plutonium, in the earth and rocks. During the decay of these substances, radioactive isotopes are formed, which can remain active for a long time and emit radiation.

Daughter hotspots usually form as a result of geological processes such as volcanic activity, geothermal vents and natural nuclear reactions in the earth. These hotspots can be found in various locations around the world and have varying intensities of radiation.

One of the most famous examples of a natural filial focus is Fuxima in Japan. In 2011, as a result of the earthquake and subsequent tsunami, a series of nuclear accidents occurred at the Fukushima nuclear power plant. This led to the release of radioactive substances into the environment and the formation of a natural hotspot. The effects of this disaster are still being felt today, and extensive efforts are underway to clean up and restore the area.

The impact of a natural outbreak on the environment and human health can be significant. Radioactive radiation emanating from the lesions can affect living organisms and cause various diseases, including cancer and genetic mutations. Therefore, it is important to take precautions and conduct regular monitoring studies to assess the level of radiation in the environment.

The fight against natural foci of subsidiaries requires joint efforts of states, international organizations and scientific communities. Strategies and technologies need to be developed to detect, monitor and manage outbreaks, and to minimize their impact on the environment. In addition, it is important to provide access to information about natural foci of subsidiary and educate the population on safety measures.

In conclusion, natural hotspots represent an important aspect of the study and understanding of radioactivity in the environment. They arise from the radioactive decay of radioactive sources and can have a significant impact on human health and the environment. It is necessary to continue research and develop precautions to minimize the risks associated with natural outbreaks and provide public awareness and education in this area. This is the only way to effectively combat these phenomena and ensure the safety of our planet and future generations.