Schule, Sigismund (February 28, 1837, Rostock - June 6, 1901, Vienna) - German psychiatrist, one of the representatives of the Kraepelin school. He belonged to the Viennese psychiatric school, which included W. Griesinger, J. Gutschmidt, K. Jaspers, K. Bonnet, I. Meinert, A. Griesinger.
Major works on catatonic schizophrenia, as well as on abdominal and constitutional diseases. Sh.'s works are distinguished by strict objectivity; he abandoned the subjectivist approach developed by previous psychiatrists. Sh. introduced into psychiatric practice the systematic collection of anamnesis of mentally ill patients, characterized by the detail of the information collected and the desire to take into account not only facts related to the course of mental illness, but also somatics. Sh.'s research concerned both spontaneous stuporous forms and psychoses, and symptomatic forms that most often develop with degenerative diseases of the nervous system. In addition, he studied constitutionally determined manifestations of neuropsychic disorders, their characteristics in women and men. Sh. believed that hallucinations and other psychoses can occur either in connection with a disease of the head and brain, or on their own, regardless of the general process of organic brain damage. The main diseases of an organic nature, in his opinion, can be localized either in the head or in the medulla. Syphilis, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral tuberculosis, progressive paralysis, etc. are just such diseases, and if they do not arise from vascular disorders, they should be designated as specific diseases of the brain.