Circulatory system

Functions and work of veins, arteries, heart, aorta, spleen, carotid veins, jugular veins, mesenteric veins and others

The body needs a well-functioning network of channels to deliver nutrients and energy to all cells of the human body. In addition, it is necessary that decay products, substances that are useless and harmful, be delivered to the organs that will remove them from the body. The circulatory system solves this problem by performing two functions: it carries nutrients and hormones, taking away waste products from cellular metabolism, and delivers oxygen to all parts of the body, from the lungs to the intercellular spaces, taking with it the resulting carbon dioxide.

Speaking about the circulatory system, it is necessary to remember about the lymphatic system, which takes the plasma that has passed from the capillaries to the tissues and returns it to the blood, preventing the tissue from flooding, as it has a drainage effect.

The circulatory system is based on the work of the heart, which pumps blood, and on a complex interweaving of vessels: arteries that deliver oxygenated blood from the heart to various organs; veins carrying unenriched blood in the opposite direction; capillaries, small vessels through which nutrients, blood plasma and waste products pass.

Circulatory system

The carotid arteries and jugular veins supply blood to the brain.

The aorta is the largest artery of the body. Branching out, it supplies blood to all organs and tissues.

The subclavian arteries are two arteries with numerous branches that supply blood to the upper extremities.

Vena cava - divided into superior and inferior, carry blood directly to the heart.

The portal vein is a vein that carries blood from the intestines and spleen to the liver.

Pulmonary arteries and veins - connect the heart with the lungs, participate in the process of enriching the blood with oxygen.

The heart is an organ that provides the necessary force to pump blood throughout the body.

The mesenteric veins - superior and inferior, carry blood from the intestines and flow into the portal vein.

The spleen is an organ - a “graveyard of red blood cells.” Functions as a blood depot.

The iliac arteries are a continuation of the aorta when it bifurcates. Blood supply to each lower limb.

Renal arteries and veins - supply blood to the kidneys.

Mesenteric arteries are divided into superior and inferior. They begin at the aorta and supply blood to the gastrointestinal tract.

What does it mean to “measure pressure”?

You've probably had to “measure your blood pressure” more than once. Pressure, or blood pressure, is the pressure that blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels and depends on the force with which the heart pumps blood and the degree of elasticity of the blood vessels. Two indicators are taken: the maximum pressure corresponding to the moment of heart systole, and the minimum pressure corresponding to diastole.

A person is said to be hypertensive if his systolic pressure exceeds 160 mmHg and his diastolic pressure exceeds 95 mmHg. The person may then be at great risk of coronary disease.

The circulatory system is often called the “transport system” because it delivers food and oxygen to all tissues of the body, removes waste products, transports hormones from the endocrine glands to the organs on which they act, and equalizes the temperature of different parts of the body. In addition to blood, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid and tissue fluid, this system includes the heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.

The cells of the body are bathed in tissue fluid, and the concentration of various substances in each cell is partly regulated by their concentration in the tissue fluid; the latter, in turn, depends on the content of the same substances in the blood, and their content in the blood is regulated by the kidneys, lungs, liver and intestines.

Related links:

1. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Система_кровообращения

2. https://medportal.ru/enc/anatomy/bloodsystem/

3. https://www.rmj.ru/articles/k