Sporotrichosis

Sporotrichosis is a chronic infectious disease of the skin and superficial lymph nodes, caused by fungi of the species Sporothrix schcnckii and leading to the formation of multiple abscesses and ulcerations of these body tissues.

The fungus Sporothrix schcnckii is the causative agent of sporotrichosis. It is characterized by dimorphism - it can exist in the form of a mycelial form at room temperature and a yeast-like form at human body temperature. Infection occurs transcutaneously through cuts, scratches, insect bites, etc.

A typical manifestation of sporotrichosis is the appearance of small, painless nodules on the skin, which then ulcerate. Around the ulcerations, daughter nodules form, spreading through the lymphatic vessels. Predominantly exposed areas of skin are affected. Damage to the hands of gardeners is typical.

For diagnosis, microscopy of fingerprint smears, culture on media, PCR and serological tests are performed. Treatment includes antifungal medications and may require surgery in severe cases.

The prognosis with timely treatment is usually favorable. Complications are possible when internal organs, bones and joints are damaged. Prevention consists of following personal hygiene and safety rules when working with plants and soil.

Sporotrichosis: A chronic infectious disease caused by fungi of the species Sporothrix schenckii

Sporotrichosis is a chronic infectious disease that affects the skin and superficial lymph nodes. It is caused by fungi of the species Sporothrix schenckii and is characterized by the formation of multiple abscesses and ulcerations on body tissues.

The fungus Sporothrix schenckii is commonly found in soil, plants and decaying vegetation. A person can become infected with sporotrichosis through contact with infected material, such as plant thorns, sea cucumbers, or soil. The route of transmission may also include animal bites, especially cats.

After the fungus enters the body, the incubation period of sporotrichosis can last from several days to several months. A primary skin ulcer then develops, which may not be noticeable or may be mildly itchy. Initially, the ulcer may be small and painless, but as the disease progresses, it may increase in size and become painful.

Sporotrichosis can spread through the lymphatic vessels, causing painful nodes to form in the lymphatic system. These nodes may be inflamed, swollen, and form purulent abscesses. If the infection is not treated, it can spread to other parts of the body, including bones, joints, lungs, or even the brain.

The diagnosis of sporotrichosis is usually made based on clinical symptoms, a history of exposure to a possible source of infection, and laboratory tests, including skin samples and fungal culture.

Treatment of sporotrichosis involves the use of antimicrobial drugs such as itraconazole, ketoconazole, or fluconazole for an extended period of time—usually several months or even years. In cases of severe disease, systemic treatment with amphotericin B may be required. The duration of treatment depends on the severity of the disease and response to therapy.

Preventive measures include protecting your skin when working with soil or plants, and being careful when handling animals, especially injured or sick cats.

Overall, sporotrichosis is a rare disease, but can pose a serious problem for those who are at increased risk of infection. Early diagnosis and timely treatment of sporotrichosis play an important role in preventing complications and promoting the patient's recovery. If suspicious symptoms appear, you should consult a doctor for diagnosis and appropriate treatment.