Esophageal-Tracheal fistula

Esophageal-tracheal fistula (f. esophagotrachealis; synonym with tracheoesophageal) is a pathological communication between the esophagus and trachea. This is a rare and dangerous complication that can occur due to trauma, tumors, inflammatory diseases, or iatrogenically as a result of endoscopic and surgical procedures.

Clinical manifestations include coughing and difficulty breathing when swallowing, as well as food and liquid entering the respiratory tract. Diagnosis is based on endoscopy, contrast radiography and CT. Treatment is primarily surgical and aims to separate the esophagus and trachea. If treatment is delayed, severe complications may occur, including death from asphyxia and pneumonia.

The prognosis depends on timely diagnosis and adequate surgical treatment. Preventive measures include caution during endoscopy and neck and chest surgery. Esophageal-tracheal fistula requires an interdisciplinary approach with the participation of thoracic surgeons, endoscopists, pulmonologists and resuscitators.

Esophago-Tracheal Fistula: Understanding, Symptoms and Treatment

An esophageal-tracheal fistula, also known as a tracheoesophageal fistula or an esophageal-respiratory fistula, is a rare pathological condition that is characterized by the presence of an unwanted connection between the esophagus and the trachea. This condition requires medical intervention and can have a serious impact on the patient's health and quality of life.

Esophageal-tracheal fistula can occur as a result of various pathological processes such as trauma, infection, malignant tumors or surgical complications. It usually forms in an area where the esophagus and trachea pass close to each other, allowing an abnormal passage between them to occur.

The main symptom of an esophagotracheal fistula is the presence of respiratory disorders such as cough, shortness of breath, wheezing and breath holding. Patients may also experience difficulty swallowing, chest pain or discomfort, and regular respiratory tract infections. If these symptoms are not addressed and treated promptly, a tracheal esophageal fistula can cause serious complications such as aspiration pneumonia or genitourinary tract infections.

Diagnosis of esophagotracheal fistula includes clinical examination, patient history, laboratory tests such as radiography, computed tomography (CT) and endoscopy. These methods help determine the location and nature of the fistula, as well as assess the extent of its impact on surrounding tissue.

Treatment of esophagotracheal fistula may include conservative or surgical approaches, depending on the severity of the condition and the individual characteristics of the patient. In some cases, endoscopic removal of the fistula or reconstructive surgery may be necessary to restore normal functioning of the esophagus and trachea.

It is important to note that tracheal esophageal fistula is a serious condition and its diagnosis and treatment must be carried out by experienced medical professionals. Early seeking of medical help and accurate diagnosis play a crucial role in successful treatment and prognosis for the patient.

In conclusion, tracheoesophageal fistula is a rare pathological condition that requires attention and treatment. Symptoms such as breathing difficulties, difficulty swallowing and regular respiratory tract infections should be monitored carefully and medical attention should be sought if they occur. Diagnosis and treatment should be carried out by experienced professionals, and the choice of treatment method depends on the specific situation. Timely seeking of help and appropriate treatment can help patients with tracheoesophageal fistula restore normal function and improve their quality of life.