Thyroid scintigraphy

Thyroid scintigraphy: Review of the method and its application in the diagnosis of the thyroid gland

Introduction

Thyroid scintigraphy is an imaging technique that is widely used in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases. This method combines two techniques - thyroid scintigraphy and radioisotope scanning. The result is detailed images of the thyroid gland that help doctors assess its function and identify possible abnormalities.

Description of the method

Thyroid scintigraphy is based on the use of radioactive substances, such as radioisotopes of iodine or technetium, which are introduced into the patient's body. These radioisotopes are absorbed by the thyroid gland and emit gamma rays, which are detected by special detectors. The obtained data is processed by a computer program, which allows you to create an image of the gland.

Application of thyroid scintigraphy

Thyroid scintigraphy is one of the main methods for studying the thyroid gland and is used in various clinical situations:

1. Differential diagnosis of thyroid diseases: Thyroid scintigraphy makes it possible to distinguish between functional conditions of the thyroid gland, such as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. It helps determine whether a thyroid tumor is hot (functionally active) or cold (functionally inactive).

2. Assessment of thyroid function: Thyroid scintigraphy allows you to determine the level of activity of the thyroid gland and its ability to absorb radioactive substances. This is important when planning treatment for hyperthyroidism or monitoring the effectiveness of therapy.

3. Detecting thyroid abnormalities: Thyroid scintigraphy helps detect abnormal formations, such as nodules or tumors, in the thyroid tissue. This is important for diagnosing thyroid cancer and planning surgery.

Advantages and Limitations

Thyroid scintigraphy has several advantages over other thyroid imaging techniques, such as ultrasound or computed tomography. It is a non-invasive procedure that does not require surgery or contrast agents. In addition, thyroid scintigraphy has high sensitivity and specificity, making it a valuable tool for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

However, thyroid scintigraphy also has some limitations. Firstly, it may not be suitable for pregnant women, as radioactive substances can harm the fetus. Also, some patients may experience allergic reactions to the radioisotopes used in the procedure. In addition, thyroid scintigraphy is not always a comprehensive method and may require additional diagnostic studies to fully understand the condition of the thyroid gland.

Conclusion

Thyroid scintigraphy is a valuable diagnostic tool in the thyroid field. This method allows you to obtain detailed images of the gland, evaluate its function and identify possible abnormalities. It is widely used for differential diagnosis, assessment of function and detection of thyroid abnormalities. Despite some limitations, thyroid scintigraphy remains an important tool in the hands of physicians for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning of patients with thyroid diseases.