Tnm Classification

TNM Classification

The TNM Classification is a classification of the degree of spread of a malignant tumor in the body, developed by the American Committee on Cancer.

The letter T characterizes the size of the tumor.

The letter N indicates the presence and extent of lymph node damage.

The letter M reflects the presence of metastases distant from the site of tumor development.

Thus, the TNM classification allows doctors to assess the extent of the tumor process and choose the optimal treatment strategy for the patient. This system is the international standard for determining the stage of malignant neoplasms.

The TNM Classification (or T-N-M Classification) is a classification system that is used to assess the stage of cancer and its extent to the body. This classification was developed by the American Committee on Cancer Research in 1970 and is one of the most popular and widely used in the world.

Specifically, the TNM classification consists of three categories, designated T, N, and M. Each category option indicates specific characteristics of the tumor:

* T – determines the size of the tumor. There are five levels: TX means that the tumor is not estimated by size, T0 - there is no tumor, T1 - the tumor is less than 2 cm in size, T2 - the tumor is more than 2 cm and less than 5 cm in size, T3 - the tumor is more than 5 cm or has invaded the organ wall, T4 - the tumor affects neighboring organs or surrounding structures. * N – indicates the presence and size of metastases in the lymph nodes. There are four levels: NX means no lymph nodes are assessed, N0 means no lymph nodes are present, N1 means one or more lymph nodes in the immediate vicinity of the tumor are involved, N2 means regional lymph nodes further away from the site of the primary tumor are involved, and N3 means metastases affect distant lymph nodes. M – indicates the presence of extratumoral metastases

This classification is used by doctors to determine the stage of the disease, planned therapy and

The TNM classification is one of the most well-known and widely used classification systems for malignant tumors. This system was developed by the American Committee on Cancer in 1974 to simplify and standardize cancer staging assessments.

In this system, the stage of cancer is determined by three parameters: T - tumor size; N – presence of metastases in lymph nodes; M – presence of distant metastases. Each parameter is assessed on a scale from 0 to 4, where 0 means the absence of a characteristic, and 4 means the presence of its maximum manifestation.

The T parameter evaluates the size of the primary tumor and classifies it as T0 - no tumor, T1 - tumor from 2 to 5 cm in diameter, T2 - tumor more than 5 cm. This parameter depends on the visual examination of the surgeon during surgery, as well as on the results of the tumor biopsy.

Parameter N is assigned points from 1 to 3: N0 – no metastases in