Trophoblast

Trophoblasts are cells that are found on the outer surface of a fertilized egg. They form the wall of the future blastocyst and are the first cells that come into contact with the mother’s body.

At the time of implantation, trophoblasts divide and form two layers: the inner cellular layer (cytotrophoblast) and the outer syncytial layer (syncytiotrophoblast). The inner layer provides nutrition to the cell and contains many mitochondria, which provide energy for the growth of the blastocyst. The outer layer consists of many small cells that form the primary villi. These villi penetrate the mother's body and connect the blastocyst to the blood vessels.

Trophoblasts play an important role in the process of implantation and fetal development. They provide nutrition and protection to the blastocyst, and also participate in the formation of the placenta. In addition, they produce hormones that regulate the development of the fetus and prepare the mother's body for pregnancy.

However, if the trophoblast is damaged, it can lead to miscarriage or premature birth. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the trophoblast and take measures to protect and restore it.

**Trophoblast** is a peripherally located multicellular layer of cells that develops into the primary morula during embryogenesis in humans and other mammalian species. The morula emerges from the zygote-ligament at fertilization, consisting of a primary yolk sac and a surrounding periblastic zone of cells. The 26-hour internal development of the embryo leads to the division of the primary yolk cells into daughter cells that form the primary sac. Messenger cells contain special trophoblast receptor proteins that allow them to adhere to the mother's smooth muscle. The primary sac then divides and expands to form a primary blastula or two

Trophoblasts are cells that participate in the formation of the placenta during pregnancy. These cells are formed by the division of larger cells called gametes.

At the moment of fertilization, male and female gametes meet and fuse to form a zygote. The zygote then begins to divide and a new cell called a blastem begins to grow. The blastema is formed from many smaller blastomeres, and then the largest blastomeres begin to specialize. As a result, a small group of blastomeres with large sizes is formed, which is known as trophoblast.

Trophoblasts perform several important functions during placental development. They are a key element in the formation of villi, which provide a connection between the fetal site and the mother's body. The villi help the placenta attach to the mother's body and receive essential nutrients and oxygen from the mother's blood.

In addition, trophoblasts form a dense membrane between the villi and the inner layer of the uterus, forming the umbilical cord. They also