Tumor

A tumor is a pathological process represented by newly formed tissue, which, as part of the body, releases waste products into the environment. These products have a negative effect on the body, which disrupts the connections of epithelial cells, leading them to uncontrolled reproduction and growth [1][2]. The occurrence of tumors is the result of complex metabolic disorders in the body, its higher nervous activity and the interaction of genotypic and phenotypic factors in ontogenesis or in other similar ways. The nature of most types of cancer is chronic, i.e. The tumor does not appear immediately, but grows gradually, over at least a decade [3].

Tumors are benign or malignant neoplasms that arise from various tissues of the body. They are a heterogeneous group of diseases that are characterized by uncontrolled cell division and disruption of their normal functioning.

A tumor is the formation of tissues consisting of abnormal cells that differ from healthy cells in function, structure, as well as the ability to reproduce and invade. Tumors can be either malignant or benign. Malignant tumors can spread metastases to other organs and tissues, which can lead to serious consequences and even death.

Depending on the location of the tumor, neoplasms of the skin, soft tissues, abdominal organs, respiratory tract, bones, etc. are distinguished. There are many types of tumors, each of which has its own characteristics, causes of occurrence and methods of treatment. One of the most common tumors is cancer, which is also called oncology. Cancer is the result of changes in the normal functioning of body cells and their division without the body's control. It occurs due to gene mutations, failures in the process of DNA replication, resulting in disruption of the regulation of cell growth and development. A variety of treatments are used to fight cancer, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and drugs aimed at blocking the proliferation of tumor cells.