Veins Alveolar Superior

The veins of the alveolar group of the superficial veins of the face are the largest and supply blood to the tissues of the nasal mucosa and the maxillary sinuses. They exit the nasal septum and the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses through openings in the intermaxillary septum. Venous drainage occurs through four saphenous and facial veins, which, in turn, flow into the external jugular vein.

The name “alveolar group of veins” is due to anatomical features, since they are plexuses of small vessels and have the appearance of individual alveoli, characteristic of human veins.

The veins of this group begin on each side as independent formations; they develop from the embryonic venous network (the main vein of the face). They participate in the formation of venous canals in the middle zone of the face and the entry of the facial nerves (mandibular and zygomatic) into them. The veins of the lower half of the alveolar process of the upper jaw branch fan-shaped in the alveoli, passing onto the chewing surface of the alveolar processes of the upper jaw. The points of anastomosis between the veins are located in small holes located in the gum above the alveolar openings. Along all channels, the veins are closely connected to the nerves, which explains their pain in case of injury to the maxillofacial area. This structure of the veins often leads to the fact that after tooth extraction their function is disrupted.