Aquifer

Aquifer: source of power for wells and wells

An aquifer is a layer of soil containing underground water and lying above or between impervious layers. The waters located in the aquifer are widely used as sources of supply for wells and wells.

Groundwater stored in aquifers is formed through processes of infiltration and percolation of precipitation, vegetation, and snow through porous soils and rock formations. Depending on geological conditions and climatic factors, aquifers can be located at different depths, have different thicknesses and form zones of different sizes.

The main way to extract groundwater from aquifers is by drilling boreholes and wells. Drilling is carried out to the depth at which the aquifer is located, and then a pumping unit is installed that pumps the water to the surface. To ensure a stable and reliable source of water supply, aquifers can be combined into water intake systems that are maintained by special organizations.

In addition to using aquifers for drinking water supply, groundwater can be used for other purposes. For example, they can be used for irrigating agricultural land, cooling technological processes in enterprises, producing drilling fluid for geological exploration and mining, as well as for creating artificial reservoirs.

However, it must be remembered that groundwater is not an inexhaustible resource and can be depleted if misused. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the water level in aquifers and rationally use their resources.

In conclusion, aquifers are an important source of recharge for wells and wells, and also have a wide range of other uses. The proper use and protection of these resources is a task not only for specialists in the field of hydrology and geology, but also for each of us as consumers of water resources.

Aquifers (AH) are an important element of the hydrogeological system, which ensures the availability of drinking water. They are layers of soil containing groundwater or other liquids that can be used for various purposes, such as drinking, irrigation, power generation or process water.

**Simple Aquifers.** Simple aquifers are accessible for exploitation and represent surfaces of various genetic types (sedimentary, intrageosynclinal), buried under rocks with weakly permeable or unchanged aquiferous clayey and aluminous mica facies, or on such slopes of tectonic dislocations. They are characterized by vertical zonal division in lithology. Absolute elevations of the base are 5 - 150 m above sea level. The thickness of the horizon is from 20 to 400 meters. The filtration properties of simple water mixtures differ according to the genesis types and layering of rocks. **Water permeable VC**. The permeable horizon is the upper aquitard for captured water. It consists of well-sorted, crushed fine-grained sand and is saturated with water. In this zone, there is a continuous filtration of water into the underlying horizon with a loss of its original quality (from surface contamination to seepage). Water-permeable water is formed on river terraces, in riverbed levees and river alluvial cones during the erosive removal of weathering products of local rock and semi-rocky rocks of eluvial and subaerial, as well as terrigenous and basaltic origin, composing slopes wide enough to retain water flows inside mountain streams (in alluvial cones they are not tested, not formed). Due to the significant pore diameter of the sand (relative to the specific gravity of the particles) and high porosity, WH are permeable and have high filtration capacity. Their separate exploitation is not possible due to continuous coatings (soil-vegetative layer, soil