Vomiting

Vomiting is a reflex act accompanied by the removal of stomach contents through the mouth. The occurrence of vomiting is associated with the functioning of a special center in the brain, stimulation of which can occur under the influence of certain drugs (for example, apomorphine) or as a result of nerve impulses from the stomach entering this center (after consuming substances that irritate the stomach, with gastritis and some other diseases of the stomach ), intestines (with intestinal obstruction) or from the inner ear (during motion sickness).

Stimulation of the vomiting center results in a series of nerve impulses that cause contractions of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles, as well as relaxation of the muscles at the entrance to the stomach, resulting in antiperistalsis and removal of gastric contents through the mouth.

Medical name: vomiting (emesis).

Vomiting: The reflexive act of removing stomach contents through the mouth.

Vomiting, also known as emesis, is a reflexive act of removing stomach contents through the mouth. This physiological process is the body's defense mechanism to help get rid of potentially harmful or toxic substances and avoid overloading the stomach.

The occurrence of vomiting is associated with the functioning of a special center in the brain, known as the vomiting center. This center can be stimulated by various factors, including certain drugs such as apomorphine, or nerve impulses from the stomach, intestines, or inner ear.

When the vomiting center is stimulated, it produces a series of nerve impulses that cause contractions of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles. At the same time, the muscles that control the entrance to the stomach relax, which leads to disruption of normal peristalsis and antiperistalsis - the reverse movement of food contents. As a result, the contents of the stomach are removed through the mouth.

Vomiting can be caused by a variety of reasons, including gastrointestinal infections, food poisoning, constipation or intestinal obstruction, migraines, and drug side effects. Also, some people experience vomiting while moving, for example, due to motion sickness.

It is important to note that vomiting can be a symptom of various diseases, so persistent or frequent vomiting requires medical advice. A doctor can conduct an examination and determine the cause of vomiting so that appropriate treatment can be prescribed.

To reduce the discomfort associated with vomiting, it is recommended to consume small portions of liquid or easily digestible food. It is also important to remain calm and avoid foods or drinks that may further irritate the stomach.

In conclusion, vomiting is a physiological process that serves a protective function of the body. It can be caused by various factors, and its persistent occurrence requires medical intervention. If you have problems with vomiting or have any concerns about your health, it is important to seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health care provider.

Vomiting is a single or repeated eruption of gastric or intestinal contents through the mouth (in the case of children, outward from the opening of the mouth and nasopharynx).

Vomiting is considered as a result of reflex activity. The vomiting center is located in the medulla oblongata (long brain stem). It is represented mainly by the reticular formation and is involved in the coordination of various motor acts of the body. The vomiting center includes specific receptors, which are chemoreceptors for the stretching of capillaries located in the area of ​​the bottom of the fourth ventricle. They perceive changes in intracranial pressure and irritate the center. Irritation of vomiting receptors is possible even in mammals and birds. Through the vagus nerve and its ganglia, the vomiting center is connected to the vasomotor center, the nucleus of the adrenal glands, the regulation of whose functions is carried out by the autonomic nervous system. When chemical substances of a certain composition are released from the stomach cavity or under the influence of medicinal and toxic substances or in diseases of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, a tonic reflex occurs, which is transmitted from the digestive tract to the vomiting center. In humans, this can be obtained by subcutaneously introducing raw meat protein, extracts of animal entrails (carbon monoxide, ethylene glycol); vomiting can be caused by the introduction into the stomach of a 0.1% solution of Apomorphine, which stimulates the vomiting nerve, and other drugs. Among the plants that can cause vomiting are black henbane (Atropa belladonna), horse juice, nightshade and some others. Nausea and vomiting often occur with motion sickness or dizziness. Patients may feel the urge to gag when approaching the door of a moving vehicle.