Задний Бугорок [Posterior Tubercle (Cervical Vertebrae), Pna, Bna; Dorsal tubercle of the cervical vertebra, Jna]

The posterior tubercle, also known as tuberculum posterius (vertebrarum cervicalium), pna, bna or tuberculum dorsale vertebrae cervicalis, jna, is a protrusion located in the posterior part of the transverse process of the cervical vertebra or in the middle of the posterior arch of the atlas.

1. Posterior tubercle on the transverse process of the cervical vertebra:
   There are seven cervical vertebrae in the cervical spine. Each vertebra has a transverse process that projects from the side of the vertebra. At the posterior end of the transverse process of the cervical vertebra there is a small projection known as the posterior tubercle or tuberculum posterius (vertebrarum cervicalium). This projection serves as the attachment point for the muscles and ligaments that provide movement and stability to the cervical spine.

2. Posterior tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas:
   The atlas (the first cervical vertebra) has a special structure that is different from the other vertebrae. It consists of anterior and posterior arches connected by a transverse process. On the upper part of the posterior arch of the atlas can be found a protrusion known as the posterior tubercle or tuberculum dorsale vertebrae cervicalis, jna. This projection also serves as the attachment point for the muscles and ligaments that provide support and movement to the cervical spine.

The posterior tubercle is important for the stability and function of the cervical spine. It serves as an attachment point for various muscles and ligaments that control movement of the head and neck. Thanks to the posterior tubercle, the spine can perform various movements such as bending, turning and flexion.

It is important to note that the description and terms used in this article are based on medical terms and nomenclature used in spinal anatomy. These terms may be useful to students and professionals studying the anatomy and function of the spine, as well as to medical professionals working with patients suffering from diseases or injuries of the cervical spine.

In conclusion, the posterior tubercle (tuberculum posterius (vertebrarum cervicalium), pna, bna; tuberculum dorsale vertebrae cervicalis, jna) is an important anatomical element of the cervical spine. It plays a key role in the support and movement of the neck by providing attachment to the muscles and ligaments that control its functions.

The posterior tubercle is a protrusion at the back of the transverse process of the cervical vertebrae and a protrusion in the middle of the posterior arch of the first cervical vertebra, which is also called the atlas. The posterior tubercle plays an important role in human anatomy and has several functions.

The posterior tubercle on the transverse process of the cervical vertebra is part of the articular surface that connects to the underlying vertebra. It provides stability and stability to the spine and is also involved in neck movement. The posterior tubercle also plays a role in maintaining correct posture and preventing the development of neck and back pain.

On the posterior tubercle of the atlas there is a point that connects the two main muscles of the neck - the upper and lower trapezius muscles. This point ensures their correct location and functioning, and also prevents muscle overstrain and the development of pain.

In addition, the posterior tubercle of the atlas is the attachment site for muscles that are involved in turning the head and neck, such as the lateral neck flexors and posterior obliques. It also provides stability to the head and prevents it from moving when turning or bending.

Overall, the posterior tubercle is an important element of human anatomy, and its proper functioning plays an important role in health and well-being.