Gland Submandibular

Submandibular gland

Definition According to anatomy: “The submandibular gland is a paired salivary gland lying in the retromasseterial cellular space under the jaw between the pterygoid processes and the branch of the mandible or posterior to the neck of the mandibular bone. On the side of the cheek it is located on the masticatory fascia, at the back it is adjacent to the prevertebral fascia ; laterally, the vestibule of the gland is limited by the pterygomandibular eminence and the branch of the mandibular nerve."

Anatomist. BGA: “The subtemporal and submandibular glands are called the “greater and lesser sublingual glands”; while the sublingual gland is one of the large salivary glands that elevates the tongue, the sublingual gland is the largest of the two large sublingual glands; below is the branch of the mandible; The levator or spinous fossa has a continuation, that is, it descends deeper into the neck to connect with the trunk of the glossohyoid nerve below the maxillary fossa.”

Functions of the gland Produces submandibular saliva - a liquid secretion containing amylase. Mixing with blood in the oral cavity, the enzyme hydrolyzes polysaccharides, promoting the breakdown of starch into disaccharides and monosaccharides that are easily absorbed by the body.

In addition, throughout the life of an adult, the submandibular gland secretes lysozyme, which is contained in many biological fluids (sperm, amniotic fluid, saliva, etc.), possessing lytic activity against some microorganisms - pathogens, and thereby influencing on the relationship between beneficial and harmful bacteria in the oral cavity, nasopharynx, genitals, and tonsils.

Enzymes of the submandibular gland are involved in the resorption of dentinal tubules and in the development of the enamel organ. The gland secretes secretory IgA, an antibody whose main function is to protect the mucosa

Submandibular gland (glandula submandibula, syns. glandula submaxilaria) Link to image https://am1k.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/zheleza-podnizhnecheloustnaja-shema-412x629.png 1. Function of the gland

- Production of saliva and maintaining its required amount in the human body. - The gland is located in the thickness of the subcutaneous fatty tissue in the neck at the inner edge of m. masseter, behind him; the lower end of the gland is attached to the isthmus m. hyoideus. - The excretory duct of the gland passes into the major or minor salivary gland; the terminal part of the duct can open both into the oral cavity and outward on the sublingual surface of the body of the lower jaw. 2. Anatomy

G. p. - an oblong, lobulated gland of irregular shape; has a yellowish color; lies under the lower jaw, at its anterior edge, to the right and left of the jaw joint, but more often along the midline. 3. Structure

The length of the gland ranges from 2 to 5 cm, thickness from 0.5 to 3 cm. It consists of clusters in the form of lobules densely packed into parenchyma, separated by layers of connective tissue. The lobes of the liver are layered radially; each of them is divided by incomplete partitions into many tubes - secretory sections: the lobules lie 6-8 in parallel, at a certain distance from each other, but are in such contact with each other that the stony cavity lined with epithelium, resulting in this way, is practically devoid of interlobular partitions. 4. Blood supply The upper part, lying under the body of the lower jaw, is supplied with blood only by lymph. The lower part of the gland receives arterial, capillary and venous nutrition. The largest arteries supplying the gland are the ascending pharyngeal and mandibular arteries. Venous vessels run next to or parallel to arterial ones; large veins