Visual Cross

Optic chiasm (chiasma opticum, pna., bna.; chiasma fasciculiopticorum, jna.; syn.: optic chiasm, chiasma; lat. chiasma from the Greek χιάσμα - “intersection, crossing”)

The optic chiasm, or chiasm, is the location in the diencephalon where the optic nerves intersect to form a single visual tract. It is located in the center of the brain, between the optic nerves and the pituitary gland.

The optic nerves are part of the visual pathway that begins in the eyes and ends in the visual cortex of the brain. Each eye has its own optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. At the optic chiasm, the optic nerves converge and form a common visual tract, which continues to the visual cortex.

The optic chiasm plays an important role in visual information processing. It allows the brain to separate visual information coming from each eye and process it independently. This allows the brain to create a three-dimensional image of the world around us, which we see with our eyes.

In addition, the optic chiasm is where fibers from different types of neurons intersect, which can influence the processing of visual information and its transmission to the visual cortex.

In general, the optic chiasm plays an important role in ensuring a clear perception of the surrounding world and the formation of a three-dimensional image. However, disturbances in its functioning can lead to various vision diseases, such as astigmatism, amblyopia, strabismus and others. Therefore, it is important to monitor the condition of the optic chiasm and, if necessary, consult an ophthalmologist for diagnosis and treatment.

Visual crosses

Over the years of research and work, specialists have been able to find out that the optic chiasm are located both in the brain and in the spinal cord. The first is located in the hypothalamus of the brain, and the second is at the end of the spinal cord. In the part of the spinal cord that is located closer to the brain, there is a cross of the brain. And at the tip of the column of the cervical spinal canal there is a cross of the spinal cord. Often the visual pathways run parallel to each other, located in completely different parts of the spinal cord and brain.

It has also been established that processes in the form of information exchange actively occur within the visual chiasm and visual pathways of the human brain. The visual cortex understands and processes information, but in addition it has the ability to remember it in a special part of the brain - the so-called hippocampus. One of the areas of the visual processor converts black