Microglia

Microglia are a type of glial cells that perform immune and regulatory functions in the central nervous system. The name microglia comes from the Greek words micro and glia.

Microglia make up approximately 10-15% of the total number of brain cells. It is scattered throughout the brain, forming a network of cells that constantly scan brain tissue for pathogens, damage, or “junk.” When any abnormalities are detected, microglia are activated, increase in size, and begin to secrete various compounds that either trigger an immune response or stimulate the regeneration of nerve cells and the restoration of brain tissue.

Thus, microglia play a key role in maintaining homeostasis and regeneration of the central nervous system. Disturbances in the functioning of these cells are associated with the development of neurodegenerative and mental diseases.