Eop

Image intensifier - electron-optical converter (EOC) - a generator of color or monochromatic optical radiation in a solid body (photocathode, semiconductor diode), mounted in the housing of an optical device (usually mounted at the end) and internal electronic devices. Electron-optical converters are the main element of any cathode ray tubes. Despite the fact that the sizes of image intensifier tubes have begun to steadily decrease, tubes with a diameter of 3-6 inches with screen sizes of about 30 continue to be used. They serve as the basis for gaming monitors. There are 5 types of image intensifier tubes: with the emission of electrons by a heated cathode (cadmium, xenon, incandescent), ion emission during thermionic heating (thermoionic), stimulated emission, photocells, and also without photoionization cathodes (inversion). They all differ from each other in brightness characteristics, spectral properties and amplification mechanisms.

Until about the end of the 19th century, arc and gas-filled devices used a direct image on a matrix (diagram) made of lithium-coated cardboard; from the beginning of the 20th century, reversible photosensitive film (stage I) began to be used to obtain such images; since the middle of the century - phosphors. This made it possible to significantly reduce the influence of vapors, gases and smoke on image brightness. The introduction of direct transfer of the electron beam to the photosensitive layer did not lead to a qualitative improvement in the devices; however, despite the laboriousness of its implementation, it has made it possible to create instruments and devices whose operation is based on the formation and use of extended integral film structures. Their use along with semiconductor structures of various types makes it possible to use the properties of materials of various compositions. These include vacuum and electron beam thyratrons, oscillographic tubes, and radioactive materials.