Addison's Disease (Bronze Disease)

Addison's disease (also known as bronze disease) is a chronic disease that is caused by bilateral damage to the adrenal cortex. This leads to a decrease or complete cessation of the production of the hormones cortisone and aldosterone, which play an important role in regulating the activity of the digestive and cardiovascular systems, as well as in regulating salt, water metabolism and other processes in the body.

Addison's disease was first described by English physician Thomas Addison in 1849. In 50-80% of cases, the cause of the disease is adrenal tuberculosis. In addition, hemorrhages in the adrenal glands, purulent inflammation, tumors and other causes can also lead to the development of Addison's disease. The disease is typical for people aged 20-40 years, and it develops slowly.

The most characteristic manifestation of Addison's disease is a bronze coloration of the skin and dark spots on the mucous membranes. This is the result of an accumulation of the skin pigment melanin. Pigmentation intensifies in exposed areas of the body and in areas exposed to friction by clothing. Patients experience fatigue, headaches, memory loss, gastrointestinal disorders (decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, diarrhea or constipation), weight loss.

Although the course of the disease is chronic, a sharp exacerbation of all clinical manifestations is possible - the so-called Addisonian crisis, which requires emergency treatment measures. In order to prevent exacerbation of the disease, it is necessary to strictly follow the doctor’s prescriptions, beware of acute infectious diseases, intoxication and physical injuries.

Maximum rest is recommended for patients, and work associated with significant mental and physical stress is contraindicated. Food should be varied, contain a large amount of table salt and vitamins, especially vitamin C, which is rich in vegetables, fruits and berries.

With the initial detection of Addison's disease and severe forms of the disease, the patient must be admitted to a medical institution. The treatment is carried out by a doctor, it is aimed at eliminating the insufficiency of the adrenal cortex with the help of individually selected dosages of hormonal drugs. These funds make it possible not only to prolong the life of patients, but also to preserve their ability to work.

However, treatment for Addison's disease can be difficult and requires constant monitoring by a doctor. Dosages of hormonal drugs must be individually selected to achieve an optimal balance of hormones in the body. In addition, other methods such as immunotherapy and surgery for adrenal tumors may be used to treat Addison's disease.

Overall, Addison's disease is a serious condition that requires constant monitoring and treatment. However, modern diagnostic and treatment methods allow patients with Addison's disease to live a full life and maintain their ability to work. It is important to monitor your health, strictly follow your doctor’s instructions and promptly seek medical help in case of exacerbation of symptoms.