Adrenaline (Adrenaline), Epinephrine (Epinephrine)

Adrenaline, Epinephrine, is one of the most important hormones produced by the adrenal medulla. This hormone plays an important role in the body's adaptation to stressful situations such as fear, flight or battle.

When adrenaline is released into the blood, many body systems are activated. The influence of adrenaline extends to blood circulation, the muscular system and metabolism in the body. The heart muscle begins to contract faster and stronger, and the frequency and depth of breathing increases. There is also an increase in metabolic processes and an increase in muscle performance.

Adrenaline constricts blood vessels in the skin and mucous membranes, which leads to a decrease in blood loss. However, the blood supply to the urinary organs and gastrointestinal tract decreases, their muscles relax, and the sphincters, on the contrary, contract.

Adrenaline is used in medicine to treat bronchial asthma, since its administration relaxes the muscles of the bronchi. Adrenaline is also used during surgical interventions to reduce blood loss, since under its influence the narrowing of blood vessels occurs.

Adrenaline is included in a number of solutions used for long-term local anesthesia, especially in dentistry. However, it must be remembered that epinephrine can cause serious side effects, such as rapid heartbeat, sweating, trembling, dizziness, nausea and vomiting.

Although adrenaline plays an important role in the body's adaptation to stressful situations and its use in medicine can be beneficial, it is necessary to be aware of possible side effects and use it only under the supervision of qualified medical personnel.

Adrenaline (Epinephrine)

Adrenaline is the most important hormone produced by the adrenal medulla. It is released into the blood during “fear, flight or battle”, allowing a person to adapt to the current situation and influencing the blood circulation, muscular system and metabolism in his body.

Under the influence of this hormone, the frequency and strength of contractions of the heart muscle, as well as the frequency and depth of breathing, increases, the speed of metabolic processes increases, muscle performance improves, and muscle fatigue occurs much later. At the same time, the blood supply to the urinary organs and gastrointestinal tract decreases, their muscles relax, and the sphincters, on the contrary, contract.

It was initially believed that adrenaline was released in the human body by sympathetic nerves, which is why they were previously called adrenergic nerves. In fact, the main substance released is norepinephrine, from which adrenaline is then formed.

Injections of adrenaline help well in the treatment of bronchial asthma, as this relaxes the muscles of the bronchi. Adrenaline is used during surgery or injected through an endoscope to reduce blood loss, since under the influence of this substance, the blood vessels located in the skin and mucous membranes narrow.

Adrenaline is included in a number of solutions used for long-term local anesthesia, especially in dentistry.

Adrenaline and Epinephrine are a biological substance that, based on a number of qualities, can be classified as stress hormones [1,2].

About 50 structurally different groups of biologically active substances are known, constituting a group of peptide hormones synthesized by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, but they are somatomedin-binding proteins. They regulate primarily protein metabolism. [2] Somatotropin exhibits a stimulating effect on anabolic processes, stimulates the synthesis