Acantholysis

Acantholytic keratoses are a chronic disease of the skin and its appendages, characterized by the presence of clearly defined lesions. The name "Acanthosis" comes from the Greek word acanthosis - rough horn with the addition of the prefix a and the ending -osis, denoting the formation of something and meaning disease.

The main pathophysiological essence of A. is the increased formation of a cellular layer (epidermis) protruding above the skin, which is combined with desquamation of cells (desquamation) or the formation of abscesses and foci of ulceration. The appearance of peeling is preceded by hyperkeratosis

Acantholysis is the process of separation of epidermal scales by the formation between them of spaces consisting of a substance that holds the scales together - corneodesmosomes. The process occurs due to their complete dissolution. Acanthosis is a stage of inflammation of the skin; process of hyperkeratosis (increased keratinization); thickening of the stratum corneum and the resulting hypertrophy of the papillae of the lower skin. There are two main forms of acanthosis: diffuse and limited. In the diffuse form, the process involves the entire skin, even the palmar and plantar surfaces, and hair growth is noted under the nails. The limited process is localized in certain areas of the skin (legs, ears, lip, nose, genitals), hair, nails are not affected, and eyes are not affected. The main causes of acanthiasis. Hyperkeratosis is the presence of an excessive number of keratinized cells in the dermis. This is the body’s protective reaction to a variety of skin irritations that can occur due to various reasons: injury, exposure to allergens, chemicals, maceration or other factors. Hyperkeratoses are divided into primary and secondary.

There are six types of hyperkeratoses: congenital (Broca's disease), senile, menopausal, cicatricial, paraneoplastic and callus. The vast majority of cases of the primary type of disease are associated with traumatic injuries