Anaphylaxis (Gr. Ana — Up, Back; Phylak-Sis — Protection)

Anaphylaxis (Gr. Ana - Up, Back; Phylac-Sis - Protection)

Anaphylaxis is an unusual or excessive reaction of the body to a foreign protein or other substance. This is an acute allergic reaction that occurs when an antigen is reintroduced.

In anaphylaxis, allergic mediators such as histamine are released from mast cells and basophils. This leads to the development of systemic symptoms including low blood pressure, laryngeal edema, bronchospasm and shock. The reaction usually develops within minutes to hours after exposure to the allergen.

The main symptoms of anaphylaxis are: urticaria, swelling of the larynx and tongue, difficulty breathing, nausea, vomiting, drop in blood pressure, rapid pulse, dizziness.

Anaphylaxis is treated with epinephrine, antihistamines, corticosteroids, and fluid resuscitation. It is important to begin treatment as soon as possible to prevent the reaction from progressing and developing life-threatening complications. If anaphylaxis develops, it is necessary to urgently call emergency medical help.

Prevention of anaphylaxis involves identifying and avoiding contact with causative allergens. People at high risk of anaphylaxis are advised to carry an epinephrine auto-injector for emergency administration if a reaction occurs.