Anatomy of the muscles of the eyelids and cheeks

As for the eyelids, the lower eyelid does not need to move, since the goal is fully achieved by moving the upper eyelid alone: ​​with the help of the upper eyelid, the eyes are completely closed and the ability to peer is achieved. The care of Allah, He is great! - is aimed at reducing the number of organs as much as possible, for it is no secret that in their multiplication there are dangers that you know about. True, it would be possible for the upper eyelid to remain motionless and the lower to move, but the care of the creator is directed towards bringing actions closer to their beginning and directing causes to ends in the most direct and even way. The upper eyelid is closer to the beginning of the nerves, and the nerves following it should not bend or turn to the side. The upper eyelid needs two movements: it should rise when the eye opens and fall when the eye closes. To close, you need a muscle that pulls down, so the nerve must approach it, going down and going up. Therefore, if there was only one muscle, it would have to be adjacent either to the edge of the eyelid or to its middle. But if the muscle were adjacent to the middle of the eyelid, then, rising towards the eyelid, it would necessarily close the pupil, and if it were adjacent to the edge, it would connect to only one edge. In this case, the eyelid would not fall straight, but obliquely, so that the closure would be stronger on the side that is closer to the tendon, and weaker on the other side, and the overlap of the eyelid would not occur directly, but would be similar to the overlap of the eyelid in people with facial paralysis. Therefore, not one muscle was created, but two. They extend from both corners of the eye and pull the eyelid down in a similar way. As for opening the eyelid, one muscle that approaches the middle of the eyelid is enough for this. The end of its tendon runs along the edge of the eyelid, and when it contracts, it opens the eye. Therefore, this muscle is created as one. It descends directly between the membranes, and, expanding, adjoins a cartilage-like body, which is located under where the eyelashes grow.

The cheek has two movements. One of them follows the movement of the lower jaw, and the other is common with the lip. The reason for the movement of the cheek following the movement of another organ is the muscle of this organ, and the reason for its movement, common with another organ, is the muscle common to the cheek with the Other organ. This muscle is one in each cheek, wide, and it is known by this name. Each of the muscles of both cheeks is composed of four parts, since the fibers are drawn to it from four places. Some grow from the collarbone and their ends reach the edge of the lips and pull the mouth down, in an oblique direction. Others grow from the sternum and collarbone on both sides; their fibers run obliquely, so that those that grow on the right cross those that grow on the left and pass on. Fibers growing on the right reach the lower left side of the lip, and those growing on the left do the opposite. When these fibers contract, they narrow the mouth and push it forward, like the string of a bag tightening a bag.

The third part of the fiber grows from the holey process of the scapula. They extend to a place above the end of the other muscles mentioned and deflect the lips in both directions in the same way. A quarter of the fibers extend from the spines of the vertebrae of the neck, pass opposite the ears, reaching various places on the cheek, and move the cheek with a distinct movement, followed by the lips. Sometimes in some people they pass very close to the place where the ears sit and, adjacent to the ears, cause them to move.