Anterior Trunk of the Vagus Nerve

The trunk of the vagus nerve (truncus nervi vagi, pna, BNA truncus vagalis, JNA) is a trunk formed by the anterior and posterior vagus nerves.

The anterior vagus nerve (nervus vagus, PNA, BNA, JNA), also called the “nerve of the heart” and the “principal nerve of the chest,” is a paired nerve that originates from the medulla oblongata and descends through the neck and chest. It has many functions, including regulation of heart rate, respiration, digestion, secretion of saliva, tears and other glandular secretions, as well as control of involuntary muscles such as those of the larynx and esophagus.

The posterior vagus nerve (truncus coeliacus, truncus sympathicus) originates in the thoracic spinal cord and passes through the diaphragm, where it divides into the right and left sympathetic trunks. The posterior vagus nerve provides innervation to the internal organs of the abdominal cavity and pelvis, and also regulates the activity of the sympathetic nervous system.

The vagus nerve trunk connects the anterior and posterior vagus nerves and is an important element of the autonomic nervous system, which regulates the functioning of internal organs without the participation of consciousness. It passes through the chest cavity, abdomen, and peritoneal cavity, connecting the front and back of the body.

In medical practice, the trunk of the vagus nerve can be used to diagnose and treat various diseases. For example, when examining the trunk of the vagus nerve, dysfunctions of the heart, esophagus, stomach and intestines can be detected. The vagus nerve trunk is also used to assess the effectiveness of surgical treatment and during anesthesia.

Thus, the trunk of the vagus nerve is an important nerve that provides regulation of the work of internal organs and control over their functions. Its research and application in medical practice make it possible to identify and treat various diseases associated with the functioning of internal organs.

The trunk of the vagus (parasympathetic) nerve is the most anterior part of the common vagus trunk (abdominal sympathetic chain) in the anterior wall of the pharynx, along its medial side at the level of the I and II cervical vertebrae.

In the trunk, the motor pathway from the reticular formation of the medulla oblongata is dissected, since in the trunk without branching there is only the sympathetic section of the system associated with parasympathomimetic drugs. The vagus nerve innervates almost all structures of the head and neck, including blood vessels, the stomach and bladder, as well as the esophagus, trachea, bronchi, and large bronchial arteries. Thus, it plays an important role in regulating heart rate, breathing, digestion, and urination.

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