Aperture of the Axillary Cavity Lower

The lower aperture of the axillary cavity (lat. apertura inferior cavi axillaris) is an opening that connects the axillary cavity with the axillary fossa.

The axillary cavity is a pyramidal space between the chest wall and the upper limb. Its upper base is the aperture of the axillary cavity superior, and its lower base is the aperture of the axillary cavity inferior.

The inferior aperture of the axillary cavity is limited above by the edge of m. subscapularis, m. teres major and m. latissimus dorsi; below - m. triceps brachii; outside - m. coracobrachialis; from the inside - m. teres major and long head m. triceps brachii.

The neurovascular bundle (a. axillaris and n. axillaris), as well as veins and lymphatic vessels pass through the lower aperture of the axillary cavity. This hole connects the axillary cavity with the axillary fossa.

The axillary aperture is the opening through which the axillary vein and lymphatic vessels pass, which carry lymph from the upper limb. The inferior aperture is located in the lower part of the axillary canal, on the border between the axillary and subscapular regions.

The inferior aperture has the shape of an ellipse and is located at the level of the fifth rib, between the serratus anterior muscle and the deltoid muscle. It is surrounded by fatty tissue and skin, so it can be difficult to determine its exact location.

One of the main functions of the lower aperture is to ensure the outflow of lymph from the upper extremities. Lymphatic fluid collects in the axillary vein and enters the lymphatic channel through the lower aperture. In addition, lymphatic vessels from the upper limb and chest pass through the lower aperture, allowing lymph to flow away from these areas.

Diseases of the lower aperture can lead to impaired lymph outflow and the development of lymphatic edema. This may be due to injury, tumors or infectious diseases. Diagnosis of inferior aperture disease may include ultrasound or MRI to determine its shape and size. Treatment may include surgery or conservative therapy.

Thus, the inferior aperture is an important anatomical structure that plays an important role in the drainage of lymph from the upper limb and chest wall. Its diseases can lead to serious consequences, so it is important to know its location and functions in order to prevent their development.