The arteries supplying the ilium are a rather complex anatomical formation, and the term itself can be used in several meanings. However, the most common term is “Artery supplying the lumbar bone” or “Artery of the ilium” (A. nutricia).
As you know, the lumbar bone (or ilium) is one of the most massive and developed bones in the human body. It consists of an arched lower branch and two short branches - lateral and medial. Each of the branches branches into several smaller arteries, which, in turn, supply all structures of the lower limb. The anatomical features of the vascular bed of the ilium are associated with its number of functions and the nature of the development of the elements of the lower limb in phylogenesis. In particular, the function of fixation of the lower extremities on the body, as well as the presence of a long cartilaginous region - the articular head of the femur, plays an important role. The articular head is covered with a hyaline capsule and securely strengthened by a muscle block.
In human anatomy, the 2 main arteries serving this bone have been studied in most detail - the large and small lumbar arteries. The large lumbar artery originates from the subclan of the VI rib and is directed posteriorly and downward, passing through the thickness of the back muscle. The posterior parietal sacral artery arises slightly above the branch of the transverse sacral artery and also connects the greater lumbar artery with the subclan of the sixth rib. Anterior to it is the transverse sacral artery. In the pelvic cavity, the large lumbar artery first goes obliquely, turning slightly posteriorly, then crosses the lower wall of the abdominal peritoneum along the oblique and approaches the lateral surface of the V lumbar body, directly above the beginning of the iliac bones. At the level of 611-52 centimeters