Atelectasis Functional

Functional atelectasis is a condition in which the alveoli collapse due to insufficient ventilation of the lungs. It is also called hypoventilation or distensional atelectasis.

Reasons for the development of functional atelectasis:

1. Decreased respiratory movements, for example, during prolonged artificial ventilation or after surgery.

2. Blockage of the airways by a foreign body, tumor, or viscous secretion.

3. Chest deformity.

4. Painful conditions that limit the mobility of the diaphragm.

With functional atelectasis in the affected areas of the lungs, gas exchange is disrupted, hypoxia develops and pulmonary blood flow decreases. This leads to further deterioration of ventilation and can cause severe disease.

Diagnosis is based on medical history, physical examination and instrumental methods - radiography and computed tomography of the chest organs.

Treatment of functional atelectasis is aimed at restoring normal ventilation. It includes the elimination of causes that impede breathing, physiotherapy, and bronchoscopy for obstruction of the respiratory tract. In severe cases, artificial ventilation may be required.

Functional atelectasis: main aspects and treatment

Functional atelectasis, also known as hypoventilation atelectasis or distensional atelectasis, is a condition characterized by partial or complete collapse of lung tissue. This is observed due to insufficient ventilation of the alveoli, which leads to a decrease in lung volume and possible breathing problems.

Functional atelectasis can occur for a variety of reasons, including restricted movement of the diaphragm, blockage of the airway, decreased activity of the respiratory muscles, or changes in the properties of surfactants in the lungs. Similar conditions can occur after surgery, prolonged immobilization, air trapped in the airways, or illnesses such as pneumonia or lung tumors.

One of the main symptoms of functional atelectasis is difficulty breathing. Patients may experience chest tightness, coughing, and weakness. Blood oxygen levels may also decrease, which can lead to dizziness and fatigue. Diagnosis is usually made based on chest X-rays and other diagnostic procedures such as computed tomography (CT) scan or bronchoscopy.

Treatment of functional atelectasis is aimed at restoring the conductivity of the airways and opening collapsed areas of the lungs. In most cases, conservative methods are used, such as physical therapy, which includes deep inhalations and exhalations, as well as walking and other physical exercises that help open the lung tissue. It is also important to provide the patient with sufficient oxygen when necessary.

In some cases, surgery may be required to eliminate the cause of functional atelectasis. For example, if you have a tumor or other disease blocking your airway, surgery may be required to remove or cut it. Early diagnosis and treatment of functional atelectasis are important to prevent complications and achieve full recovery of pulmonary function.

In conclusion, functional atelectasis is a condition characterized by the collapse of lung tissue due to insufficient ventilation of the alveoli. This can cause various symptoms and requires timely treatment. Primary treatments include physical therapy and, in some cases, surgery. Early diagnosis and adequate treatment are key to successfully restoring lung function and preventing complications. If you suspect functional atelectasis or develop symptoms, it is important to see your doctor to get a diagnosis and appropriate treatment.