Atrophic Liver Cirrhosis (Hobnail Liver)

Atrophic liver cirrhosis (Hobnail liver) is a chronic progressive disease characterized by damage to the liver parenchyma and stroma with degeneration of liver cells, nodular regeneration of liver tissue and increased development of connective tissue.

In atrophic cirrhosis of the liver, atrophy of liver cells and their death are observed. This leads to the replacement of dead cells with connective tissue and the formation of regeneration nodes. Over time, the proliferation of connective tissue disrupts the normal structure of the liver.

The main causes of atrophic cirrhosis of the liver are chronic viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, and autoimmune liver diseases.

Clinical manifestations include jaundice, ascites, bleeding from esophageal and gastric varices, and hepatic encephalopathy. Diagnostics is based on laboratory and instrumental research methods. Treatment is aimed at slowing the progression of the disease and preventing complications. When end-stage liver cirrhosis develops, liver transplantation is performed.

Atrophic liver cirrhosis, also known as Hobnail Liver, is a chronic progressive liver disease that is characterized by damage to the liver parenchyma and stroma, degeneration of liver cells, nodular regeneration of liver tissue and increased development of connective tissue.

Liver cirrhosis is a serious disease that causes fibrosis and scarring to gradually replace healthy liver tissue. In the case of atrophic cirrhosis of the liver, this process is accompanied by special changes in the structure of the liver, which give it a characteristic appearance, resembling a lump or ridge.

One of the features of atrophic liver cirrhosis is degeneration of liver cells. Liver cells are damaged and gradually replaced by connective tissue, which leads to disruption of their structure and function. This can lead to deterioration of liver function and the development of various complications.

In addition, in patients with atrophic liver cirrhosis, nodular regeneration of liver tissue is observed. The liver, affected by the disease, tries to restore its function by forming nodes consisting of newly formed liver tissue. These nodules may be of uneven size and shape, giving the liver a characteristic "rough" or "rough" texture, hence the name "Hobnail Liver".

Increased development of connective tissue is also a characteristic sign of atrophic liver cirrhosis. Fibrosis, resulting from inflammation and damage to the liver, becomes more dense and forms numerous scars that penetrate the liver parenchyma. This results in loss of normal liver architecture and impairment of liver function.

Symptoms of atrophic cirrhosis of the liver may include jaundice, ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity), portal hypertension (increased pressure in the portal vein), bleeding from esophageal varices, poor metabolism and other signs of liver failure.

The diagnosis of atrophic liver cirrhosis is based on clinical manifestations, analysis of liver biopsy, the results of laboratory tests and instrumental research methods, such as ultrasound and computed tomography.

Treatment of atrophic liver cirrhosis is aimed at slowing the progression of the disease, relieving symptoms and preventing complications. Includes supportive care to improve liver function, control of symptoms and complications, and lifestyle and diet changes. In some cases, a liver transplant may be required.

Prevention of atrophic liver cirrhosis is associated with the prevention of risk factors that can lead to the development of the disease. This includes moderate alcohol consumption (or its complete elimination), prevention of viral hepatitis, a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition.

In conclusion, atrophic cirrhosis of the liver (Hobnail Liver) is a chronic progressive disease characterized by liver damage, degeneration of liver cells, nodular regeneration of liver tissue and increased development of connective tissue. Early detection, diagnosis and timely treatment play an important role in managing this condition and preventing its complications.

Liver cirrhosis is an extremely severe liver disease, which is characterized by the appearance of nodules, changes in the structure of liver tissue, and its complete or partial destruction. Liver cirrhosis can affect both men and women at any age. This is a chronic disease in which the body cannot cleanse itself. Certain foods and medications may increase your risk of developing the disease. All consequences and risks can be prevented by following the recommendations of doctors.

Cirrhosis is a syndromic concept, that is, this term refers to a group of diseases. The most common cause was chronic hepatitis B. But the likelihood of developing this disease increases in the absence of vaccination. Medicines are now being used that can significantly reduce the production of the virus in this disease. In some patients, alcohol-related cirrhosis may be the cause.

According to WHO, the prevalence of the disease for every 1,000