Attention Passive

Passive attention is a type of attention that is not related to intention and task, but is determined only by the properties of the object. The physiological mechanism of passive attention is the orienting reflex, which occurs when a new or unusual object appears.

Passive attention is different from active attention, which is related to intention, task, and goal. Passive attention allows us to notice and perceive objects without conscious effort, simply because they attract our attention.

The properties of an object that determine passive attention may vary depending on the individual characteristics of a person. For example, for one person, the novelty and brightness of an object may be more important, while for another, unusualness and surprise are more important.

However, although passive attention is not task- or intention-related, it can be beneficial in some situations. For example, if we want to learn about a new product or service, we may pay attention to advertisements that contain new or unusual elements.

Passive attention can also be useful for learning new languages ​​or cultures, as we can pay attention to new words, phrases and customs that may be unusual or interesting.

In addition, passive attention plays an important role in our daily life. We often notice and remember new faces, places and events without any intention or purpose.

Overall, passive attention is an important component of our attention and can be useful in many situations. However, to use it most effectively, you need to learn to pay attention to the properties of objects and develop your orientation reflex.

Introduction

Attention is one of the important functions of human activity, which consists in directing a person’s consciousness to objects of reality, more precisely in the selective adaptation of certain sense organs to the information that they perceive, and maintaining such a state for a certain period of time.

Reincarnation of attention

Of particular importance for the study of **passive attention** is the phenomenon of **orienting reflex,**\nexplaining the focus of attention on various objects and phenomena of the surrounding reality.\nThe basis of the orienting reflex is elementary sensory arousal, determined by the presence of new objects in the subject, to which his attention is directed. The orientation reflex forms, under the influence of corresponding needs and attitudes, a **cognitive motive,** which in turn becomes one of the motives of activity. The more the significance of the object of knowledge is realized, the more the initial excitement is replaced by interest. For example, when viewing a landscape, perceiving music or a literary work, a person experiences a direct emotional experience, sometimes bordering on an affective state. However, under the influence of interest, the subject begins to get acquainted with the object, perceive it more deeply and from different sides, evaluate its meaning and value in order to achieve a cognitive goal.

The **mechanism** of the orientation reflex is studied in a number of classical experiments on optics and physiology of vision by I. M. Sechenov, I. P. Pavlov, N. E. Vvedensky and others. An eye was attached to it. As these experiments showed, the appearance of visual excitation and the occurrence of an orientation reflex are influenced by some very weak, but barely noticeable irritation of the eye (flickering light,