Femoral Triangle [Trigonum Femorale, Pna, Jna; Trigonum Femorale (Fossa Scarpae Major), Bna; Syn. Skarpovsky Triangles]

Femoral triangle: anatomical formation and its role

Femoral triangle, also known as trigonum femorale (PNA, JNA), trigonum femorale (fossa scarpae major) (BNA) or synonym. Scarp's triangle is a triangular section of the anterior surface of the thigh. It is bounded superiorly by the inguinal ligament, externally by the inner edge of the sartorius muscle, and internally by the outer edge of the adductor longus muscle. The femoral triangle is an important anatomical structure that plays a role in various functions and pathologies of the lower extremities.

The anatomical contour of the femoral triangle is determined by the muscles and ligaments that surround it. The inner edge of the sartorius muscle, also known as the medial head of the triceps femoris muscle, forms the inner border of the triangle. This muscle is one of the powerful hip adductors and plays an important role in maintaining stability of the hip joint. Outside the triangle is the inner edge of the sartorius muscle, which also contributes to the formation of the triangle's outline. From above, the triangle is bounded by the inguinal ligament, which is an important element of the anatomy of the groin region and the aponeurosis of the rectus abdominis muscle.

The femoral triangle is important not only from an anatomical point of view, but also in clinical practice. The importance of this formation lies in its connection with certain structures and pathologies. For example, the femoral triangle contains the femoral nerve, which is the largest nerve of the lower extremities and provides motor and sensory functions. Also in this area are vessels, including the femoral artery and vein, which provide blood supply and drainage to the lower extremity.

Pathologies associated with the femoral triangle may include compression of the femoral nerve (femoral neuropathy), femoral artery aneurysm, inguinal hernias, and other conditions. Understanding the anatomy and function of the femoral triangle is important for the diagnosis and treatment of these pathologies.

In conclusion, the femoral triangle is a triangular portion of the anterior thigh bounded by the inguinal ligament, the inner edge of the sartorius muscle, and the outer edge of the adductor longus muscle. This anatomical formation plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the hip joint and is associated with various structures and pathologies of the lower extremities. Understanding its anatomy and function is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of related conditions.

The name **"femoral triangle"** comes from the Greek tri-gonon, meaning triangle. It has the shape of a triangle with a base at the top, limited by the inguinal notch, on the right - by the internal and behind - by the external branches of the adductor muscles of the thigh.

The femoral triangle belongs to fairly deep anatomical structures, the image