Bejel

Bejel: Description and characteristics

Bejel, also known by various names such as balyash, zukhria, nyuvera, city, Arabic syphilis, non-venereal childhood syphilis, endemic syphilis, tair and frangi, is an infectious disease that is common in certain regions of the world. Bejel belongs to a group of diseases known as trematodes, which are caused by parasitic microorganisms.

The disease is endemic in some countries in Africa, the Middle East and Asia, especially in areas with poor hygiene conditions and limited access to medical care. Bejel is transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals, usually in early childhood, and can progress over a long period of time if left untreated.

The main causative agent of bejel is Treponema pallidum subsp. endemicum, a bacterium closely related to the causative agent of syphilis. However, bejel differs from venereal syphilis in that transmission occurs not only through sexual contact, but also through everyday contact, such as the shared use of utensils, toys or personal hygiene items.

Symptoms of bejel may include the formation of sores on the skin and mucous membranes, mainly in the mouth and genital area. As the disease progresses, swollen lymph nodes, bone and joint lesions, and dental and growth problems may occur. If left untreated, bejel can lead to serious complications and negatively impact the patient's overall health.

Diagnosing bejel can be challenging because symptoms can be similar to other conditions. However, laboratory tests such as serology and microscopy can help make the correct diagnosis.

Treatment for bejel is based on antibiotic therapy, usually penicillin. Early detection and treatment are important to prevent progression of the disease and its complications. In addition, conducting educational programs and improving hygienic conditions in endemic areas play an important role in controlling the spread of bejel.

Bejel remains a significant public health problem in some parts of the world. It is necessary to strengthen usiBedjel: Prevention and control

In light of the ongoing epidemic of bejel in certain regions of the world, special attention is being paid to the prevention and control of this disease. Here are some measures that can be taken to prevent the spread of bejel:

1. Education and awareness: Conducting information campaigns and educational programs about bejel can help increase public awareness about the disease, its modes of transmission and prevention methods. It is important to give people access to accurate information so they can make informed decisions about their health.

2. Improving hygienic conditions: Bejel is often associated with poor hygienic conditions. Therefore, it is important to focus on improving sanitation, access to clean water and hygiene awareness. Regularly washing your hands with soap and using clean personal hygiene products can reduce the risk of transmission.

3. Separating Personal Care Items: In families and communities where bejel is endemic, it is important to limit the shared use of personal care items such as toothbrushes, combs, and razors. Each family member should be provided with their own hygiene products for individual use.

4. Medical care and screening: Early detection and treatment of bejel plays a crucial role in its control. Regular medical examinations, especially in endemic areas, can help detect the disease in its early stages and prevent its progression. Antibiotic treatment should be affordable and accessible to all who need it.

5. Control of mother-to-child transmission: In the case of bejel, mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy or childbirth is possible. Providing adequate medical care to pregnant women and screening for bejel can help prevent transmission of the infection to the fetus.

Bejel continues to be a public health challenge in some parts of the world. However, joint efforts by governments, health organizations and the public can play an important role in preventing the spread of bejel and reducing the public health burden of this disease.

Bejel - (Arabic bejel; synonym - balas, zuhra, non-Venus, sité, Arabic syphilis, non-venereal early syphilis of childhood) or Frangian spiral leptospirosis (syn. Frang-Pebtinasseppa spiral infection) - a type of disease in which the infected organism is infected and not causes noticeable symptoms in humans, but can cause hidden diseases. The disease is caused by the spiral bacterium Spirochete frang, or Spirochaete spirochete, a spirochaetal particle belonging to the Leptospira genus, also called Rickettsia frang (Pyri's spiral bacterium). Frang spiral bacteria are found in the water of the Amazon River and in the soil in which the river flows. A person becomes a source of infection, contaminating water and soil, so that at any time and in any place any person can be exposed to infection. Spiral infection is not contagious. If people develop symptoms, they are usually the symptoms people experience after being bitten by mosquitoes or other animals. A characteristic manifestation may be a spiral reaction during a spiral bite stroke. There are two stages of manifestation:

The incubation period is 2-4 months, 4-6 weeks. Symptoms persist for 5-30 years but occur rarely. Periodic episodes of inflammation of the joints, pain in the spine, headaches, memory and thinking disorders, increased levels of hemoglobin and white blood cells - all these are unusual phenomena for a normal person. The patient may learn that he is a carrier of the spiral from a person who exhibits symptoms and is very sore and sensitive to touch. Gradually increasing pain most often occurs in the muscles of the legs, neck, back, and limbs. There is muscle weakness, high fatigue, attacks of paralyzing pain, headache, insomnia. With peripheral neuralgia, pain can be triggered by scratching the skin, stroking, etc., sleep disturbance, increased irritability, decreased memory and concentration, and deterioration of cognitive functions are manifested. In severe cases, microencephaly develops. The development of dementia, neurological microcerebral atrophy, and myotonic disorders is also possible. With a long-term (over decades) course of a spiral bite, degenerative changes such as senile osteoporosis, bone fragility, jaw failure, slow tooth decay, periodontal disease, and an increased susceptibility to infectious diseases are possible. Poor circulation in the central nervous system causes clinical symptoms of an infectious condition - insomnia, manic manifestations, emotional disorders. Spasms in the epigastric zone, bloating, and digestive problems appear. Men often experience inflammatory diseases of the scrotum, accompanied by noticeable difficulty urinating. Thus, spiral