Bionics

A branch of cybernetics related to the construction of technical devices and systems, as well as the solution of various engineering problems based on the study of the functioning of organs and systems in living nature. Over the course of development, various biological objects have developed surprisingly effective, economical and highly reliable devices (organs, tissues), which also have minimal dimensions.

Therefore, increasing requirements for the parameters of technical systems (their accuracy, reliability, low energy consumption, large amounts of memory, dimensions, the ability to automatically adapt to changing situations and external conditions) have led to the need to use animals and plant organisms as “prototypes” in the construction of technical systems , satisfying the requirements. Thus, the task of bionics is to study various biological systems and processes to build highly efficient technical systems and solve engineering problems.

To transfer the capabilities of biological systems to technical systems, first of all, a thorough study of certain life processes and the development of methods for mathematical description and mathematical modeling of processes occurring in biological objects are required. Bionics is also associated with the construction of models of elements of biological systems (for example, organs of perception and information processing, elements of the nervous system, etc.).

Bionics methods are used to solve numerous problems: the construction of small-sized and reliable navigation systems; construction of recognition devices for information perception systems; development of methods for collecting, encoding, accumulating and processing information; miniaturization of elements and blocks of electronic equipment; development of converters of chemical and biochemical energy into mechanical energy; construction of various bioelectric devices (for example, prostheses); development of underwater communication systems and moving underwater devices, etc.

Accordingly, in bionics, a large place is occupied by the study of similar, but more advanced systems in animals: “antennas” in butterflies and moths, ultrasonic communication in fish and marine animals, navigation systems in birds, as well as mechanisms of biological clocks, ultrasonic location of bats, features of movement fish and sea animals, etc.

Specialists of various professions work in the field of bionics - engineers, doctors, psychologists, physiologists, biologists, mathematicians, physicists, chemists, etc. Only with the joint work of a wide range of specialists is it possible to successfully solve the problems facing bionics.

Bionics is only at the initial stage of its development. However, there are quite numerous examples of successful research. Thus, ground speed meters for aircraft have been designed by analogy with the faceted device of the insect eye, devices for stabilizing aircraft, devices for navigating the Sun in the presence of clouds, and many other devices. At the same time, advances in the field of bionics have made it possible to deepen the understanding of many biological processes, which in turn can be used in the construction of many technical devices.

Bionics - as a new phenomenon in architecture: history of origin

Bionics (from the Greek “bion” - living organism, “aenos” - hand) is a new direction in architecture, which is based on the application of the principles of biological systems and structures in construction and design. Her ideas keep up with the times and use advanced technologies to create unique and innovative projects. But who are bionics? When did this trend appear and how does it influence architecture today?

History and theory Bionics originated in the 70s of the last century, when bioengineers began to study the properties of biological systems such as bat wings, turtle shells, bird wings and others to find new solutions in technology and science. During these studies, unusual properties of bionic structures were discovered that made it possible to overcome gravity and develop high speed.

Subsequently, these principles were applied by other scientists to create a new direction in architecture. Bionicists believe that nature offers us many innovations and interesting solutions that can be used in our lives. They believe that biological systems should become a source of inspiration and a basis for discussions about new architecture of the future. Bionicist Arne Steiner, who is considered the basis