Biosynthesis Belka

Protein biosynthesis is a complex process that results in the synthesis of polypeptide chains from amino acids. This process occurs in the cells of all organisms and is the most important function of life.

Protein synthesis begins with the transcription of DNA into RNA in special organelles - cell nuclei. The RNA is then sent to ribosomes, organelles where amino acids are polymerized into the polypeptide chain of a protein molecule. The process of polymerization and chain folding occurs under the control of ribosomes and factors of initiation, elongation and completion of the process.

During the process of protein biosynthesis, errors can occur that can lead to disruption of protein functions and even to the development of diseases. Thus, disruption of protein biosynthesis underlies many diseases of humans, animals and plants, such as hereditary diseases, some types of cancer, diseases of the nervous system and others.

Separately, it is worth noting that protein biosynthesis is the basis for the synthesis of protein drugs and is of great practical importance in pharmacology. In addition, studying the process of protein biosynthesis allows us to better understand the mechanisms of life of cells and organisms in general.

Thus, protein biosynthesis is a complex and important process that is necessary to maintain the life of all organisms. Studying this process allows us not only to better understand the mechanisms of life, but also to find new ways to treat diseases.

Protein biosynthesis (or, as it is also called, protein metabolism) is one of the most important processes in the life of cells in our body. It consists of the synthesis of protein molecules that are necessary to maintain all body functions - from respiration and digestion to tissue regeneration and immunity. How does this process happen?

Protein biosynthesis begins with a protein precursor or substrate that is formed by the breakdown of other molecules in cells (such as glucose). Then it enters ribosomes - special molecular factories located inside the cell. Ribosomes carry out the function of protein synthesis by attaching amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain. Encoding of the amino acid sequence occurs on messenger RNA (mRNA). During the process of biosynthesis on ribosomal RNA, information obtained from DNA in the cell is read and amino acids are sequentially added to the mRNA molecule.

It should be noted that each amino acid binds to its own specific codon, recognized by a specific ribose that is part of the ribosome. This allows you to build a peptide molecule of a certain sequence that it encodes