Hypertensive disease

Hypertension (m. hypertonicus; synonym: primary arterial hypertension, essential arterial hypertension, essential hypertension) is a chronic disease characterized by high blood pressure.

The causes of the disease are not completely clear, but are presumably associated with dysregulation of vascular tone. Risk factors include stress, excess weight, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, alcohol abuse, etc.

The main symptoms are headache, dizziness, tinnitus, fatigue. Pain in the heart area, shortness of breath, and nosebleeds are also possible.

The danger of hypertension is associated with the risk of heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure. Treatment is aimed at normalizing blood pressure through diet, exercise, and medications. Regular monitoring by a doctor and blood pressure monitoring is important.

Hypertension: understanding, causes and treatment

Hypertension, also known as arterial hypertension or hypertension, is a common disease characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure. It is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases and has a serious impact on the health of millions of people around the world.

Hypertension can be divided into two main forms: primary (essential) and secondary. Primary hypertension accounts for about 90-95% of all cases and has no clear known cause. Secondary hypertension occurs as a result of other medical conditions, such as kidney disease, endocrine disorders, or certain medications.

Signs and symptoms of hypertension may not be noticeable in the early stages, which is why it is sometimes nicknamed the "silent killer." However, as the disease progresses, the following symptoms may occur: headache, dizziness, difficulty breathing, blurred vision, throbbing sensation in the temples, fatigue and sleep disturbances. Delayed or improper treatment of hypertension can lead to serious complications, including stroke, heart attacks, heart failure and kidney damage.

The causes of hypertension are not fully understood, but there are a number of factors believed to contribute to its development. Uncontrollable factors include heredity, race (eg, African ancestry), age, and gender. Controllable factors include poor diet, excess weight, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, smoking and stress.

Treatment of hypertension is aimed at lowering blood pressure and reducing the risk of cardiovascular complications. This may include lifestyle changes such as eating a healthy diet, being physically active, reducing salt and alcohol intake, quitting smoking, and taking medications. Medicines used to treat hypertension include diuretics, beta blockers, ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors, calcium antagonists, and others.

Prevention and control of hypertensive pain