Chondroid tissue

Chondroid tissue (lat. Chondroidium) is a type of connective tissue that consists of chondrocytes, as well as an intercellular matrix. It is found in humans and animals, and plays an important role in the formation of joints, ligaments, cartilage and other tissues.

Chondrocytes are cells that contain large amounts of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine. These substances provide strength and elasticity to tissues and also protect them from damage. The intercellular matrix consists of collagen, elastin, hyaluronic acid and other components. It provides mechanical support to chondrocytes and protects them from external influences.

Chondroid tissue plays an important role in the development and functioning of joints and ligaments. It provides strength and flexibility to fabrics, allowing them to withstand heavy loads and movement. In addition, chondroid tissue is involved in the synthesis of synovial fluid, which provides lubrication of joints and protects them from damage.

In the human body, chondroid tissue is found in various places, such as intervertebral discs, ligaments, articular cartilage and tendons. It can also be used to create artificial implants such as joint or tendon prostheses.

However, like any other tissue, chondroid can be subject to various diseases and damage. For example, with osteoarthritis or other joint diseases, chondroid tissue can break down and lose its strength. In this case, surgery may be required to restore tissue or replace it with artificial analogues.

Thus, chondroid tissue is an important component of the human and animal body. It plays a key role in the formation and functioning of various tissues, providing them with strength, flexibility and protection from damage. However, in some cases, chondroid tissue can become diseased and damaged, requiring medical intervention.

Chondroid tissue is found in the bone tissue of many animals. In human adult tissues there are two types of chondrocytes, macro- and microchondrocytes. They form a matrix containing large numbers of chondroblasts, especially during tissue formation. The formation of a chondroid begins with the excessive accumulation of chondrin, a substance resembling the ground substance. It can be deposited in groups in the form of semicircular plates or layers, causing heterogeneity in the structure of the matrix. Chondrin is about 20% in newborns, in older children - 5-6%, in adults - less than 1%. The matrix is ​​amorphous, but has clear boundaries, consists of two components: organic (collagen) and inorganic (mineral salts). Minerals contain calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and potassium. Due to the weak maturity of cells and the absence of clear organelles, significant differences in the shape, size, location and other properties of chondriocytes of different types are observed, which is reflected in the characteristics of reproduction by mitosis and meiosis. The number of cells is 1–4%. Given the diversity of cell characteristics, it is logical to classify them all as one chondrial stem cell. The theory of their differentiation is complemented by the possibility of preserving and activating stem cells in adult individuals during periods of regeneration activity, during which cells grow along the growth axis, the nucleus is transformed, the cytoplasm, organelles and the entire cell grow. Cells that undergo division become multipotent, capable of transforming into cells inherent in different tissues of the body. After removal of the parathyroid glands, chondroma is also classified as a neoplasm. Typical cases for this tumor are the so-called steroid chondromas, which arise from ectopia of chondroblastic cells and are clearly detected in children with the production of calcitonin and a simultaneous increase in the concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and ACTH.