Cross Hole

The transverse foramen (foramen transversarium) is an anatomical formation located in the transverse processes of the vertebrae of the cervical and thoracic spine. It provides communication between the spinal canal and the intervertebral foramina, as well as between adjacent vertebrae.

The transverse foramen has the shape of an oval or circle and is located on the posterior surface of the transverse process. Its diameter is about 5-8 mm. The transverse hole is formed by two plates: anterior and posterior. The anterior plate consists of the vertebral body and arch, and the posterior plate is formed by the intervertebral ligament.

The transverse foramen contains blood vessels, nerves and the spinal cord. The vessels provide blood supply to the spinal cord and surrounding tissues, and the nerves provide innervation to the muscles and skin. The spinal cord passes through the transverse foramen and continues into the spinal canal.

The presence of the transverse foramen is important for the functioning of the spine and nervous system. It allows the spinal canal to expand and contract with movement, providing flexibility and stability to the spine. In addition, the transverse foramen plays a role in the transmission of nerve impulses between the vertebrae and the spinal cord.

However, the transverse foramen can also be subject to pathological changes. For example, a narrowing or fusion can lead to compression of the spinal cord or nerves, which can cause various neurological symptoms such as numbness, pain and weakness in the limbs.

Thus, the transverse foramen is an important anatomical formation in the spine, which plays an important role in the functioning of the nervous system and the spinal canal. Knowledge of its anatomy and possible pathological changes can help in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases of the spine and nervous system.

Cross hole

The transverse foramen is an anatomical structure that is found in the rib cage and spine. It connects the chest cavity to the spine and provides mobility to the chest. The transverse foramen is also called foramen transverariarum in scientific literature.

In the chest there is a transverse