Dermatitis Professional

Dermatitis is a group of inflammatory skin diseases, united according to etiological principle. They can be caused by various reasons and develop in different conditions, both professional and domestic, but have similar symptoms.

Occupational dermatitis most often occurs with constant exposure to allergens or irritating substances on the skin of the hands and face. Workers engaged in certain types of activities often suffer from these skin diseases, for example, drivers, gardeners, builders, cement plant workers, textile workers, etc. Many types of occupational dermatitis do not cause any subjective sensations, thus, upon external examination of the skin of sick workers Only small cracks running around the nail phalanges, as well as the papillary keratinizing layer, are noticeable.

Acute occupational dermatitis is defined as a skin disease that occurs as a result of acute exposure of a person's skin to an irritating substance that causes changes in certain areas, usually not affecting the entire skin. Acute occupational dermatitis is characterized by a sudden onset and rapid disappearance of skin manifestations after cessation of contact with the allergen. As a result, such diseases are divided into two types:

* Contact occupational dermatitis * Irritant dermatitis

Occupational contact dermatitis is the most common form of this disease, which occurs when short-term exposure of skin to irritating chemicals. It is characterized by the presence of typical skin lesions depending on where on the human body they are located. Thus, when the skin is exposed to irritating substances, contact dermatitis appears on areas of the skin in contact with the skin of the face and the back of the hands, including the axillary, interscapular and popliteal areas, since these areas have a thinner layer of epithelium. Contact dermatitis is classified into three types, which depend on the symptoms and clinical manifestations:

- Follicular contact dermatitis - occurs when particles of a certain chemical substance come into contact with the skin of the face and the back of the hands. These particles are retained in vellus hair, which stimulates their formation and growth in affected areas with a large number of keratinocytes; - Diffuse contact dermatitis or dermatitis without the formation of follicles - manifests itself even with minor contact with a certain chemical, such a lesion usually affects the back, chest, scalp; - Skin burns – occur when their skin is exposed to hot liquids, such as gasoline when fighting a fire or chemicals due to leakage of synthetic rubber during production. Both types of occupational conjunctivitis are provoked by three main reasons: mechanical, chemical and physical effects on the eyes. Their occurrence is influenced by the time of contact, duration of exposure and frequency of occurrence. Mechanical damage to the eyes occurs due to friction of the eyes on a welding mask, optical device, fabrics contaminated with pollen from plants or fungi from the environment, hard particles of coal and metal, etc., chemical damage due to the presence of toxic vapors of chlorocupril, carbon disulfide in the air , hydrocarbons, arsenic, chromium, etc., physical damage - due to explosions, strong penetration of light and