**Absorbed dose** is the amount of absorption of electromagnetic radiation measured in energy density units (Joule per kilogram - J/kg). This unit of measurement determines the amount of energy that is transferred from a radiation source to a material, based on the mass of the material. It is an important measure for describing the effects of different types of radiation on objects, such as medical x-rays, gamma rays in medical imaging and physics, nuclear and cosmic rays, and in particle accelerators where electric current or light quanta interact with materials.
**How is absorbed dose measured** When exposed to radiation, a substance becomes a source of new particles. These new particles could be fluorescent particles, X-ray photons, or electrons. As a substance is released from energy in this way, the absorbed radiation energy becomes available for measurement after passing through the substance. The electrons release energy, heating the material, making it invisible. X-ray fluorescents emit a particle when it reaches a certain energy, and radiation pairs are created when electrons interact with each other. The absorbed Energy of all these processes can be used to determine the effects of radiation on materials.