Excretion

Excretion is the process of removing waste products from the body. The main organ responsible for excretion is the kidneys. They remove excess water, salts and part of the urea from the body.

In addition, excretion occurs in other ways. For example, sweat glands remove excess water, salts and urea through sweat. The lungs remove carbon dioxide and water vapor. Excretion is also considered the process of defecation, that is, the removal of feces from the intestines.

Thus, excretion is an important process that allows the body to get rid of unnecessary or harmful substances in various ways. Thanks to excretion, homeostasis and normal functioning of all body systems are maintained.

Excretion is the process of removing waste products from the body. This process is carried out primarily by the kidneys, but also includes the removal of excess water, salt and some urea from the body through the sweat glands, as well as the removal of carbon dioxide and water vapor from the lungs. Excretion also involves removing feces from the body.

Excretion is an important process for maintaining health and normal functioning of the body. It helps remove toxins and other harmful substances from the body that may accumulate as a result of metabolism or other processes. In addition, excretion helps maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body, which is also important for health.

However, if the body's excretory function is impaired, it can lead to various diseases such as kidney failure, diabetes, hypertension, etc. Therefore, it is important to monitor your health and undergo regular medical checkups.

What is excretion?

Excretion is the removal of waste, unnecessary or harmful substances from the body. This process is accompanied by the production of various specific enzymes and hormones, which are called “excretory”. For example, hormones such as adrenaline, estrogen, testosterone act as excretory hormones to remove excess melanin in pigmented areas of the skin and hair. If a person’s excretory systems are disrupted, various diseases occur. For example, thyroid dysfunction leads to metabolic diseases.

How does excretion occur in the human body?

There are three methods of excretion: - renal, - cutaneous, - pulmonary.

The renal mechanism is the most active mode of excretion. Due to the increase in plasma volume, the concentration of dissolved substances in them decreases during filtration in the renal glomeruli. In this case, substances released by the body, such as metabolic products, hormones or drugs, become soluble in water. Further along the upper segments of the ureters they enter the bladder. If the rate of urine production slows down to its normal value and the contraction of the ureter stops, urine is released from the urine. Urine is released under the influence of the contractility of the walls of the urinary and ureteral canals. As fluid enters the bladder from the kidneys, it is filtered, creating zones of high and low osmotic pressure. This leads to the movement of liquids and solutions from an osmotically more concentrated area to a less concentrated area, which is accompanied by a change in osmotic pressure and drainage of urine from the bladder. When the amount of urine becomes sufficient, urination occurs. Thus, excretory secretion is carried out in an active way. Often this process is aided by the urination reflex. The cutaneous mechanism of excretion is carried out by simple glandular cells, or Murphy cells. They are present in the skin and cause hyperextraction. The result is sweating and the formation of skin secretions. The process of cutaneous excretion is followed by the ocular mechanism in the form of the production of lacrimal secretion. The excretory glands of this