Emphysema Atrophic

Atrophic pulmonary emphysema (e. pulmonum atrophicum) is a chronic progressive lung disease characterized by expansion of the air spaces of the distal lungs and destruction of the alveoli.

With atrophic emphysema, the walls of the alveoli become thinner and their elasticity decreases. This leads to a decrease in the gas exchange surface and disruption of the bronchial tubes due to their compression by stretched alveoli.

The main reasons for the development of atrophic emphysema are smoking, exposure to occupational hazards, and insufficient intake of vitamins A and C.

Clinical manifestations include shortness of breath, dry cough, and decreased exercise tolerance. During auscultation, weakened breathing is heard.

The diagnosis is confirmed by X-ray and computed tomography of the lungs. Treatment is mainly symptomatic and includes smoking cessation, bronchodilators, and oxygen therapy. The prognosis for atrophic emphysema is serious due to the progressive course of the disease.