Emphysema

Title: Emphysema

Emphysema is a chronic progressive lung disease characterized by pathological expansion of air spaces due to the destruction of alveoli.

Causes

The main causes of emphysema:

1. Chronical bronchitis
2. Smoking
3. Exposure to industrial dust and chemicals
4. Hereditary factors
5. Previous lung diseases (tuberculosis, etc.)

Symptoms

1. Shortness of breath on exertion and subsequently at rest
2. Cough with a small amount of sputum
3. Blueness of the skin
4. Barrel chest shape
5. Decreased breathing upon auscultation
6. Decreased diaphragm mobility

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of emphysema is established on the basis of:

1. Chest X-rays
2. CT lungs
3. Pulmonary function tests

Treatment of emphysema is aimed at relieving symptoms with bronchodilators, mucolytics, and oxygen therapy. It is important to stop smoking and avoid other factors that aggravate the disease. The prognosis for emphysema largely depends on the stage and the ability to control symptoms.

Introduction Emphysema is a condition in which the air spaces in the lungs expand due to destruction of the walls of the alveoli, resulting in a decrease in the lungs' ability to oxygenate and an increase in the release of carbon dioxide. As a result of emphysema, a person experiences shortness of breath and other symptoms that interfere with normal life and work.

Causes of emphysema There are many causes of emphysema, but the main ones are smoking and chronic bronchitis. Other risk factors include genetic predisposition, exposure to harmful chemicals and radiation, and immune system disorders.

Smoking is the best known risk factor for emphysema. If a person starts smoking before the lungs are fully formed, their development process may be disrupted. This means that the lungs will continue to develop incorrectly, creating tissue that cannot fully function. In addition, smoking is the main cause of respiratory tract diseases in smokers. If a person starts smoking at an early age, then he or she has a greater risk of developing emphysema. The more cigarettes a person smokes, the higher their risk of developing this disease.

Chronic bronchitis is also one