Enkephalins

Enkephalins are physiologically active peptides synthesized in the body, consisting of five amino acids and interacting with opiate receptors of the central nervous system, causing a morphine-like effect. Together with endorphins, enkephalins form a group of endogenous opiates - substances produced in the body and having properties similar to opiates.

Enkephalins are synthesized in nerve cells and released into the synaptic cleft, where they interact with opiate receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. By binding to receptors, enkephalins reduce the excitability of nerve cells, providing an analgesic and calming effect. In addition, they are involved in the regulation of emotional state and the formation of a feeling of satisfaction. Thus, enkephalins play an important role in the functioning of the nervous system and the regulation of various physiological functions of the body.

Enkephalins: Physiologically active peptides with morphine-like effects

Enkephalins are important components of our body, representing a group of physiologically active peptides. They are composed of five amino acids and have the ability to interact with opiate receptors in the central nervous system. This interaction causes a morphine-like effect, whereby enkephalins, together with another group of peptides called endorphins, form a group of endogenous opiates.

The discovery of enkephalins occurred in 1975 thanks to the work of several research groups. They have been identified in various tissues of the body, including the brain, spinal cord and other neural structures. The name "enkephalins" comes from the Greek word "enkephalos", which means "brain".

Enkephalins perform many important functions in the body. They are involved in the regulation of pain signals and play a key role in the modulation of pain sensitivity. In addition, enkephalins influence mood, emotions and stress response, as well as the regulation of appetite and behavior.

The mechanism of action of enkephalins is based on their ability to bind to opiate receptors in the central nervous system. This interaction leads to the activation of signaling pathways that reduce pain signaling and promote feelings of relief and well-being. This morphine-like effect may be especially helpful in severe pain or stressful situations.

Interestingly, along with their action on opiate receptors, enkephalins also affect other systems in the body. For example, they can modulate the activity of the immune system and influence the functions of the gastrointestinal tract.

Research suggests that changes in enkephalin levels may be associated with various diseases and conditions. For example, low levels of enkephalins may be associated with chronic pain and depression, while elevated levels may occur with stress or inflammation.

Interest in enkephalins and other endogenous opiates has led to the development of drugs aimed at modulating their actions. Some of these drugs, such as opioid analgesics, are used to relieve severe pain. However, their use requires caution due to potential side effects and the possibility of addiction.

In conclusion, enkephalins are important physiologically active peptides that play a significant role in the regulation of pain signals, mood, appetite and other body functions. Their interaction with opiate receptors produces a morphine-like effect, which may be useful in the treatment of severe pain and stressful conditions. However, further research is needed to better understand the role of enkephalins and their potential applications in medicine.