Epithelium Transitional

Transitional epithelium (e. transitorium; synonym - epithelium of Henle) is a layer of epithelium located between the ciliated and single-layer columnar epithelium and serves as a transition barrier between these two types of epithelium.

The transitional epithelium consists of cuboid-shaped cells located on the basement membrane. Transitional epithelial cells have a cytoplasm containing a nucleus and several mitochondria, and also contain microvilli located on the surface of the cell. These microvilli provide mechanical adhesion of cells to each other and to the basement membrane.

The main function of the transitional epithelium is a barrier function that provides protection against the penetration of harmful substances and microorganisms from the underlying layers of the epithelium. In addition, the transitional epithelium is involved in the regulation of metabolism between the layers of the epithelium and maintains homeostasis in the body.

In diseases such as bronchial asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis and others, the transitional epithelium can be damaged or destroyed, which leads to disruption of barrier functions and the development of inflammatory processes in the lungs. In such cases, additional research and treatment are necessary to restore the transitional epithelium and improve the patient's condition.