Exflagellation

Exflagellation

Exflagellation is the process of formation and release of mature flagellated male germ cells (microgametes) from microgametocytes of the malaria parasite (Plasmodium). Exflagellation occurs after microgametocytes from a human enter the stomach of a malaria-carrying mosquito.

The entire exflagellation process takes 10-15 minutes. Mature microgametocytes undergo meiotic division and turn into 8 nuclear fragments, which are then divided into 8 motile microgametes. Each microgamete has one flagellum and is capable of active movement. Microgametes emerge from the microgametocyte as a result of the destruction of the original cell membrane.

Thus, exflagellation is a key stage in the life cycle of the malaria parasite, necessary for sexual reproduction and subsequent infection of a new host through a mosquito bite.

**Exflagellation** is the transformation of a mature male germ cell as it exits through the egg covering. A process of several stages, which occurs individually as a result of the disintegration of the shell and goes through 2 stages: the first and second. The first stage of exflagellation ends with the divergence of the end plates, which is expressed in deep damage to microgametes, but the last stage is accompanied by restoration of the endoplasmic reticulum. Thanks to this, all microgametes are functionally present at the exit.

Exflagellation is the process of formation and release of mature flagellated male germ cells from microhamatocytes of the protozoan malaria parasite Plasmodiam gium nello-3 infected with human blood. This is a process that occurs inside the parasite's body 1-6 hours after the initial entry of infectious blood into the mosquito's body, which is necessary for the mosquito to achieve orgasm. As a result of exflagellation, microgametes are formed - small-volume reproductive products consisting of a male gamete (male nuclear cell). The process of exflagalation involves mechanisms of exocytosis, which are stimulated by excess mosquito hormones and signaling molecules released by sperm after their production. Let us consider in detail what biological processes underlie this process.