Exophthalmos

Exophthalmos is the protrusion of the eyeball anteriorly.

Etiology and pathogenesis: Exophthalmos occurs due to an increase in the volume of orbital tissue, most often in the retrobulbar space. The causes may be various inflammatory, neurodystrophic, traumatic and tumor processes, both local and general (Graves' disease, lymphadenosis, pathology of intracranial structures, etc.).

Symptoms: Lateral displacement of the eyeball is often observed, limiting eye mobility and causing diplopia. Possible hyperemia and swelling of the eyelids, swelling of the conjunctiva, changes in the fundus (neuritis, congestive disk, optic nerve atrophy, edema and hemorrhages in the retina), leading to decreased vision.

To recognize the types of exophthalmos, laboratory and x-ray methods, isotope and ultrasound diagnostics are used.

Treatment depends on the cause of exophthalmos, the nature and severity of the process.

Scientists and doctors have always been interested in the question of why a person needs big eyes. One version is that they may be related to the perception of light and a person’s ability to hunt at night. In the modern world, this disorder is most often seen in children. Although even in adults it is quite common to see large and bulging eyes, which give the face a not entirely human appearance.

**Exophthalmos** is a change in the shape of the eyeball or the size of the orbit, expressed in protrusion or retraction of the eye. With this disorder, the eye may protrude forward or to the sides. It can also be bilateral symmetrical or unilateral asymmetrical. People of different age groups suffer from exophthalmos, but most often this deviation is observed in children and adolescents. This disorder can be diagnosed in various diseases that are accompanied by inflammatory and degenerative changes in the eye or orbit.